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Resp: Sem 2 > Mechanics of Breathing I > Flashcards

Mechanics of Breathing I Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

Ventilate gas exchange surfaces by moving air between alveoli and atmosphere via the airways

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2
Q

How is total ventilation calculated?

A

V = VT x f

Total ventilation = tidal volume x frequency of breaths per minute

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3
Q

Why does total ventilation not reflect the volume of air reaching respiratory surfaces and which can take part in gas exchange?

A

o Exchange only happens in the alveoli

o The respiratory system does not completely empty, even after maximum forced expiration

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4
Q

Why does the respiratory system not completely empty even at the end of a maximal forced expiration?

A

Some air needs to occupy the airways and a residual volume of air is left in the lungs so that alveoli don’t completely collapse

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5
Q

Why does the final 150ml of air of each inspiration never reach the alveoli/take part in gas exchange?

A

Because the resp system is a two-way pathway so air leaves and enters via the same route

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6
Q

What is the revised formula for VA?

A

o VA = (VT – VD) x f

o VD is dead space volume (the 150ml that never reaches alveoli)

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7
Q

Volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximum forced expiration?

A

Residual Volume

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8
Q

Total Volume of Air an Individual is able to breathe in going from max forced inspiration to max forced expiration?

A

Vital Capacity

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9
Q

The volume of air within the lungs at the end of a maximum inspiration?

A

Total Lung Capacity

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10
Q

The additional volume of air that can be inspired at the end of a resting/quiet inspiration?

A

Inspiratory Reserve

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11
Q

The volume of air inspired/expired at rest during quiet/normal breathing pattern?

A

Tidal Volume

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12
Q

The additional volume of air that can be expired at the end of a resting/quiet expiration?

A

Expiratory Reserve

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13
Q

The volume of air within the lungs at the end of a resting/quiet expiration?

A

Functional Residual Capacity

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14
Q

what is a key factor in the behaviour of gases?

A

pressure, the level of force exerted by gas molecules on the surfaces of the space in which they are contained

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15
Q

how can pressure be conceptualised if temperature is constant?

A

number of gas molecules present per unit of volume

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16
Q

what is boyles law?

A

describes relationship between pressure, volume and molar quantity P α n/v

17
Q

what does boyles law mean?

A

the pressure within a contained space can be changed by altering the volume of the space. gradient induces movement from high to low pressure areas until equal level reestablished

18
Q

how is movement between air and lungs achieved?

A

by changing alveolar pressure

19
Q

how does air move into lungs during inspiration?

A

alveolar pressure must fall below atmospheric

20
Q

how does air move out of lungs during expiration?

A

alveolar pressure must rise above atmospheric

21
Q

how are the pressure changes achieved in the alveoli?

A

by contraction/relaxation of respiratory muscles altering volume of thoracic cavity

22
Q

pressure at inspiration

A

Palveoli < Patmosphere

23
Q

pressure at expiration

A

Palveoli > Patmosphere

24
Q

how are the lungs and chest wall separated?

A

by a pair of serous membranes known as pleurae

25
Q

what is the visceral pleurae?

A

inner lining

26
Q

what is the parietal pleura?

A

outer lining of thoracic cavity surrounding the chest, diaphragm and mediastinum

27
Q

what is between the two pleura?

A

fluid-filled pleural cavity

28
Q

why do the tissues attached to each pleura recoil in opposite direction?

A

due to their elastic properties, stretching the sealed pleural cavity between them

29
Q

what does the recoil do to the pressure?

A

decreases pressure within pleural space as occupies greater volume but with same number of molecules within it

30
Q

what does negative pressure do?

A

generates collapsing force pulling surface of contained space together. greater the force, the greater the pull

31
Q

what does positive pressure do?

A

generates expanding force, pushing the surfaces of the space apart

32
Q

what does elastic recoil of the chest wall and inspiratory resp muscle contraction do?

A

pulls the chest wall outwards and expands the thoracic cavity

33
Q

what do elastic recoil of the lungs to?

A

pull visceral pleural inwards and compresses the lung volume

Resp: Sem 2 (3 decks)

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