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Mechanics and Heat Flashcards

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0
Q

What is instantaneous speed?

A

Instantaneous speed is the average speed over a very short time interval

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1
Q

What is the experiment used to find the instantaneous speed?

A

A light gate connected to an electronic timer is set up on a ramp. A trolley with a mask, measured using a ruler, on it is let go from the top of the ramp. When the mask first intercepts the light gate the electronic timer starts when the mask is no longer intercepting it the electronic timer stops.
We then use the equation:
Length of mask(d)
Time through light gate (t)

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2
Q

What is the experiment used to measure instantaneous speed involving one trolley and one light gate?

A

A ramp is set up with one light gate positioned on it. A trolley with a mask on it is let go from the top of the ramp. When the mask on the trolley first breaks the beam of the light gate the electronic timer connected to it starts and when the mask stops breaking the beam the electronic timer stops. The distance of the mask is measure using a ruler so we can then use the equation:
Speed= length of mask
Time through light gate

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3
Q

What is a vector quantity?

A

A quantity that can be completely described by stating its magnitude and direction

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4
Q

What is a scalar quantity?

A

A quantity that can be completely described by stating its magnitude

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Distance is a vector

A

FALSE

Distance is a scalar quantity

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6
Q

Name a vector quantity?

A

Displacement

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7
Q

What is the difference between distance and displacement?

A

Displacement is the length measured from the starting point in a straight line and both its magnitude and direction must be stated. Whereas distance is the total length travelled no matter what direction as it is only described by its magnitude.

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8
Q

Which is a scalar quantity?

Velocity or speed

A

Speed is a scalar quantity

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9
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Velocity is a vector quantity

A

TRUE

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10
Q

What is meant by acceleration?

A

Acceleration is the change in velocity per unit time

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11
Q

What is the equation for acceleration?

A

Acceleration= final velocity-initial velocity

Time

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12
Q

What is the sentence that must be written when answering a question involving a speed-time graph?

A

Distance=area under speed time graph

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13
Q

What does a flat velocity time graph dictate about the velocity?

A

It is constant

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14
Q

What does a straight upwards line in a velocity time graph tell you about the velocity?

A

A constant acceleration

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15
Q

What does a straight downwards line on a velocity time graph tell you about the acceleration?

A

There is a constant deceleration

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16
Q

When an object’d speed or direction changes what is it said to be?

A

Accelerating

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17
Q

What determines the motion of an object?

A

The forces acting upon them

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18
Q

What is a force?

A

The push or pull on an object

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19
Q

What three things can forces change of an object

A

Speed
Direction
Shape

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20
Q

What does a newton balance measure?

A

Force

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21
Q

What is meant by the weight of an object?

A

Weight is the measure of the force due to gravity acting on the object

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22
Q

What is weight measured in?

A

Newtons (N)

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23
Q

What is meant by mass?

A

Mass is the quantity of matter in an object

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24
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kilograms (kg)

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25
Q

What is meant by gravitational field strength?

A

Gravitational field strength is the weight per unit mass

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26
Q

What is gravitational field strength measured in?

A

Newtons per kilogram (N/kg)

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27
Q

What is the equation involving weight, mass and gravitational field strength?

A

Weight= mass x gravitational field strength

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28
Q

What the gravitational field strength on Earth?

A

10N/kg

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The greater the mass, the lower the gravity

A

FALSE

The greater the mass, the greater the gravity

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30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The shorter the difference between two masses, the lower the force of gravity between them

A

TRUE

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31
Q

What is responsible for keeping satellites in orbit?

A

Gravitational field strength

32
Q

As the distance from Earth increases what is the consequences on weight?

A

The weight decreases

33
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The further away from Earth you go the less your mass becomes

A

FALSE

Your mass remains the same everywhere

34
Q

What does friction do?

A

Friction opposes an object, in always the opposite direction of the object

35
Q

What heat loss is there due to friction?

A

The loss of heat energy and sound energy

36
Q

Name 2 advantages of friction

A

Prevents the soles of your shoes slipping
Allows bike breaks to stop bikes
Sand paper on wood
Makes a pencil work

37
Q

Name 2 disadvantages to friction

A

Machine parts rub together and wear away

Machines run slower

38
Q

Name ways in which friction can be prevented

A

Oiling or greasing the surface
Using wooden rollers
A layer of wax
A layer of air

39
Q

What ways can you increase friction

A

Choosing surfaces that cause high friction
Increasing surface area
Increasing air resistance

40
Q

What two factors effect aerodynamic drag?

A

The shape and size of the object

The speed of the moving object

41
Q

What happens to the aerodynamic drag when the speed increases?

A

The aerodynamic drag also increases

42
Q

What is streamlining?

A

The shape of an object which reduces the degree of drag or resistance to motion through a liquid or a gas

43
Q

In what ways do cyclists reduce friction?

A

Stream lines helmet
Thin tyres
Crouched cycling position

44
Q

In what ways do parachuters increase friction

A

The shape of their parachute
The light wieght
The large surface area

45
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Force is a scalar quantity

A

FALSE

Force is a vector quantity as it is completely described by both magnitude and direction

46
Q

What are balanced forces?

A

Forces which are acting in the same direction but are equivalent

47
Q

What are equivalent forces equal to

A

No force at all

48
Q

What is Newton’s first law?

A

An object will remain at rest or continue at a constant speed in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

49
Q

What effect does increasing the mass have on friction and acceleration?

A

If the mass where to increase the force of friction would also increase and therefore it will decelerate.

50
Q

What is a Newton?

A

A Newton is the unit of force required to accelerate a mass of 1kg 1m/s

51
Q

What is meant by the resultant force?

A

The resultant force is the vector sum of the individual (component) forces acting on an object

52
Q

When do you get a resultant force?

A

When two or more forces act thy can be replaced by one force which has the same effect, this is the resultant force

53
Q

What is Newtons 2nd law?

A

If the forces acting on an object are unbalanced then the object will accelerate

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The acceleration is directly proportional to the force

A

TRUE

55
Q

What is inversely proportional to acceleration?

A

Mass

56
Q

What is the equation involving force, mass and acceleration?

A

Force= mass x acceleration

57
Q

What is the acceleration due to gravity equal to??

A

Gravitational field strength

58
Q

If a projectile is released from very high at the right speed what won’t it do?

A

Hit the ground because it will go into orbit

59
Q

What two independent motions are involved in a projectile?

A

Constant speed and constant acceleration

60
Q

In which direction is constant speed?

A

Horizontal

61
Q

Which direction is constant acceleration?

A

Vertical

62
Q

Why does an object follow a curved path?

A

Because due to its motion being a combination of a constant horizontal speed and a constant vertical acceleration

63
Q

What is Newton’s third law?

A

If A exerts on B, B exerts an equal but opposite force on A

64
Q

Explain this Newton pair: a golf club striking a golf ball

A

The golf club exerts a force (action) forwards in the ball and the ball exerts an equal force (reaction) backwards on the club

65
Q

What is the equation involving momentum, mass and velocity

A

Momentum= mass x velocity

66
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Momentum is a scalar quantity

A

FALSE

Momentum is completely described by stating its magnitude and direction

67
Q

What is the law of conservation of linear momentum?

A

In the absence of net external forces, the total momentum before is equal to the total momentum after

68
Q

What is the equation for a collision when the objects don’t stick together?

A

MaUa+MbUb=MaVa+MbVb

69
Q

What is the equation o a collision when the objects do stick together?

A

MaUa+MbUb=(Ma+Mb)V

70
Q

What is meant by work done?

A

Work done is the measure of energy transfer

71
Q

What us temperature

A

Temperature is the measure of how hot a substance is

72
Q

What is heat

A

A form of energy

73
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

Heat travels from a hot object to a cd object

A

TRUE

74
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The greater he difference of hot and cold the more heat will be transferred

A

TRUE

75
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

Is the quantity of energy required to change the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C

76
Q

What is latent heat?

A

The heat energy required to change a substances’ state.

77
Q

Is there a change in temperature when a substance changes state?

A

No

78
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The number of joules of energy required to change the state of 1kg of a substance without a change in temperature

Physics (3 decks)

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