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Physics help > Mechanics And Further Mechanics > Flashcards

Mechanics And Further Mechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

Acceleration

A

Is the vector defined as the rate of change of velocity

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2
Q

Average speed

A

Is calculated by dividing the total distance for a journey by total the time for the journey

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3
Q

Moment=Fx

A

Moment (Nm)
F=force (N)
x=perpendicular distance from pivot (m)

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4
Q

F=ma

W=mg

A

F=force (N)
m=mass (kg)
a=acceleration (m/s^2)

g=acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2)

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5
Q

GPE=mgh

KE=1/2mv^2

A 
GPE=gravitational potential energy (J)
KE=kinetic energy (J)
m=mass (kg)
g=acceleration due to gravity (9.81 m/s^2)
h=change in height (m)
v=velocity (m/s)
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6
Q

P=E/t

A

P=power (W)
E=energy (J)
t=time (s)

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7
Q

WD=Fs

A

WD=work done (J)
F=force (N)
s=displacement (m)

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8
Q

Efficiency=useful energy output/. total energy input x 100%

A

Efficiency=useful power output/total power input x 100%

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9
Q

p=mv

A

p=momentum (kgm/s)
m=mass (kg)
v=velocity (m/s)

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10
Q

F=p/t

A

F=force (N)
p=momentum (kgm/s)
t=time (s)

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11
Q

m1u1+m2u2=m1v1+m2v2

A

Total momentum before collision=total moment after collision

m=mass (kg)
u=initial velocity (m/s)
v=final velocity (m/s)

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12
Q

I=Ft

I=mv-mu

A

I=impulse (Ns)
F=force (N)
t=time (s)

Impulse=change in momentum

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13
Q

Ø=s/r

A

Ø=angle (radians)
s=length of arc (m)
r=radius (m)

Complete circle: s=2rpi

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14
Q

w=ø/t

A

w=angular velocity (rad/s)
t=time (s)

Full circle: 2pi/T
T=time period

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15
Q

f=1/T

A

f=frequency (Hz)

T=time period

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16
Q

v=rø/t

v=rw

A

v=instantaneous velocity (m/s)
w=angular velocity
r=radius (m)

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17
Q

F=(mv^2)/r

F=mrw^2

A 
F=centripetal force
M=mass (kg)
v=instantaneous velocity (m/s)
r=radius (m)
w=angular velocity (m/s)
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18
Q

Centre of gravity

A

Is the point, on an object, through which the weight of an object appears to act.

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19
Q

Conservation of energy

A

Energy can never be created or destroyed

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20
Q

Conservation of linear momentum

A

The vector sum of the momenta of all objects in a system is the same before and after any interaction (collision) between objects.

21
Q

Displacement

A

The vector measurement of a distance in a certain direction.

22
Q

Displacement-time graph

A

Graph showing the positions visited on a journey, with displacement on y axis and time on x axis.
Gradient is velocity.

23
Q

Efficiency

A

Effectiveness of a machine at converting energy usefully

24
Q

Energy

A

Is the property of an object that gives it the capacity to do work.
Change in energy is the same as work being done

25
Q

Equilibrium

A

A body is in equilibrium if there is zero resultant force and zero resultant momentum. It will have zero acceleration.

26
Q

Explosion

A

Is it situation in which a stationary object (or system of joined objects)separates into component parts, which move off at different velocities. The momentum must be conserved in explosions

27
Q

Free-body force diagram

A

A diagram with the object isolated and all the forces that act on it are drawn in at the points where they act, using arrows to represent the forces.

28
Q

Instantaneous speed

A

Speed at any particular instant in time on a journey, which can be found from the gradient of the tangent to a distance-time graph at that time.

29
Q

Kinematic

A

Study of the description of the motion of objects

30
Q

Newton’s first law

A

An object will remain at rest, or in a state of uniform motion, until acted upon by a resultant force.

31
Q

Newton’s third law

A

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

32
Q

Power

A

Rate of energy transfer

33
Q

Principles of moments

A

A body will be in equilibrium if the sum of clockwise moments acting to it is equal to the sum of the anti clockwise moment

34
Q

Projectile

A

Moving object on which the only force is significance acting is gravity. The trajectory is thus pre-determined by its initial velocity.

35
Q

Resultant force

A

Total force acting on a body when all the forces acting are added together accounting for their directions.

36
Q

Scalar

A

Quantity that only has magnitude

Scalar

37
Q

Tension

A

Is a force acting within a material in a direction that would extend the material

38
Q

Terminal velocity

A

Velocity of a falling object when it’s weight is balanced by the sum of the drag and upthrust acting on it.

39
Q

Uniform motion

A

No acceleration

40
Q

Vector

A

Quantity with both magnitude and velocity

41
Q

Velocity-time graph

A 
Graph showing the velocities on a journey. 
Velocity on y axis 
Time on x axis 
Gradient is acceleration 
Area under graph is displacement
42
Q

Work done

A

In a mechanical system is the product of a force and the distance moved in the direction of the force

43
Q

v=s/t

A

v=velocity (m/s)
s=displacement (m)
t=time (s)

44
Q 
s=ut+1/2at^2
v=u+at
v^2=u^2+2as
s=vt-1/2at^2
s=((u+v)/2)t
A 
s=displacement (m)
u=initial velocity (m/s)
v=final velocity (m/s)
a=acceleration (m/s^2)
t=time (s)
45
Q 
Which of the following are both vector quantities?
A - acceleration and speed
B - displacement and velocity
C - mass and time
D - power and weight
A

B

displacement and velocity

46
Q

As the speed of a cyclist increases, the air resistance acting on him becomes
proportional to the square of his speed.
i.e. air resistance = constant × speed2
The cyclist has a power output P when travelling at a certain constant speed. He then
doubles his speed.
Calculate his new power output as a multiple of P.

A

Power = (force × distance) /time
P = ((kv^2)× d)/t
New power = (k((2v)^2)× 2d)/t
New power = 8((kv^2)× d)/t = 8P

47
Q

A car of mass m travelling with a velocity v comes to rest over a distance d in time t.
The constant frictional force acting on the car while it is braking is found using:

A - mv/2t
B - 2mv/t
C - (m(v^2))/2d
D - (2m(v^2))/d

A

C

48
Q

A passenger is standing in a train. The train accelerates and he falls backwards.
Use Newton’s first law of motion to explain why he falls backwards.

A

ΣF =/> 0
An unbalanced/net/resultant/total/ΣF force of zero gives constant speed/velocity/motion

The friction between floor and feet accelerate the feet
or
Thefriction between floor and feet creates an unbalanced/net/resultant/total force on feet

The train accelerates but the man continues travelling at the original/constant speed // the top half has no (resultant) force as the train accelerates
or
The man’s speed relative to the train is lower
or
(All of the) man needs to accelerate at the same rate as the train

49
Q 
a = v^2/r
a = r(w^2)
A 
a = centripetal acceleration (ms^-1)
v = velocity (ms^-1)
r = radius (m)
w = angular velocity (rad s^-1)

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