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H2 Physics Definitions > Mechanics > Flashcards

Mechanics Flashcards

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1
Q

Distance

A

Distance is the total length travelled by a moving object irrespective of direction of motion.

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2
Q

Displacement

A

The displacement of an object from a reference point O is the linear distance and direction of the object from O

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3
Q

Speed / velocity

A

Speed/velocity is the rate of change of distance/displacement travelled wrt time.

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4
Q

Acceleration

A

Acceleration of an object is its rate of change of velocity wrt time.

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5
Q

N1L

A

N1L states that every body continues to be In a state of rest of to move with constant velocity unless a net force acts on it

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6
Q

N2L

A

N2L states that the rate of change of momentum of a body is proportional to the net force acting on it and occurs in the direction of the force

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7
Q

N3L

A

N3L states that that if body A exerts a force on body B, body B will exert of force of the same type that is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction on body A

*cannot say the forces cancel out

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8
Q

Inertia

A

Inertia of a body refers to its reluctance to start moving, and it’s reluctance to stop once it has begun moving m.

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9
Q

Mass

A

Mass of body is a measure of its inertia, specifying how much resistance and object exhibits to changes in velocity.

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10
Q

Weight

A

Weight of the body is the gravitational force acting on it towards the centre of the earth.

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11
Q

Weightlessness

A

No contact force acting on object (free fall)

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12
Q

Impulse (of a force)

A

Impulse (of a force) is the product of the average force acting on the object and the time interval over which it was applied.

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13
Q

Momentum - impulse theorem

A

The change in momentum of a particle during a time interval equals the impulse of the net force that acts on the particle during that interval.

(integrate F-t)

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14
Q

Linear momentum

A

Linear momentum of a body of constant mass moving with velocity is defined to be the product of mass and linear velocity.

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15
Q

Principle of linear momentum

A

PCLOM states that when bodies in a system interact, the total momentum remains constant provided no external force acts on the system.

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16
Q

Perfectly elastic collision

A

A ~ between 2 objects is one which the total KE is conserved; the relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation.

*use ke condition to solve verify if collision perfectly e

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17
Q

Inelastic collision

A

An inelastic collision between two objects is one which the total KE of system of lower after collision than before. However momentum of an isolated system is always conserved.

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18
Q

Head on collision

A

Lines of motion of both objects before and after collision are the same.

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19
Q

Force

A

The resultant force acting on an object is given by the rate of change of momentum of an object.

20
Q

Field of force

A

Field of force is the region of space surrounding a body singing which it can exert a force on another similar body which may not be in contact with it.

  • electric field is a region of space where a force acts on a stationary charge
  • gravitational field is a region of space where a force acts on a mass
  • magnetic field is a region of space where a force acts on a moving charge (current) or a North Pole.
21
Q

Contact force

A

A contact force is a force between two objects which has two components. The component perpendicular to the surface is the normal force, and the component parallel to the surface is the frictional force.

22
Q

Normal contact force

A

NCF is the net electrostatic repulsion between 2 surfaces in contact.

23
Q

Friction

A

Friction is the force that resists relative motion between two sliding surfaces (kinetic friction), or the tendency for relative motion between 2 stationary objects (static friction).

*f =kN; dependent on area in contact

23
Q

Viscous force (drag)

A

Viscous force is the resistive force that resists a body moving relative to a fluid.

Both viscous force and frictional force opposes relative motion but viscous force is dynamic while frictional force is static of kinetic

24
Q

Tension

A

Tension is the force which is transmitted through a string,rope cable or wire when pulled tight by opposite ends

  • medium must be taught if slack T=0
  • usually medium and object inextensible
25
Q

Hooke’s law

A

The magnitude of force F exerted by a spring on a body attached to the spring is directly proportional to the extension x of the spring from equilibrium, provided the proportional limit of the spring is not exceeded.

26
Q

Elastic potential energy

A

EPE in a deformed material is the area under a force extension graph

27
Q

Pressure

A

Pressure is defined as the normal force exerted per unit area.

28
Q

Upthrust

A

Upthrust is the net upward force exerted by a fluid on a body fully or partially submerged in a fluid.

29
Q

Derivation of pressure

A
  • net horizontal force 0
  • net vertical force = ro g a (height from water surface to bottom - height from water surface to top of object) aka difference between force acting on top surface and bottom surface
30
Q

Archimedes principle

A

Archimedes principle states that when an object is totally or partially immersed in a fluid in equilibrium, the Upthrust acting on the body is equal to the weight of fluid displaced.

31
Q

Principle of floatation

A

Principle of floatation states that a floating object in equilibrium displaced a weight of fluid (Upthrust) equal to its own weight.

32
Q

Principle of moments

A

Principle of moments states that for a system in (rotational) equilibrium, the sum of clockwise moments about any point is equal to the anticlockwise moments about that point.

33
Q

Centre of gravity

A

Centre of gravity of an object is the point at which the weight of the object appears to act

34
Q

Moment of a force

A

Moment of a force about a point is the product of the magnitude of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force to the point.

35
Q

Couple

A

Couple is a system of forced which tends to produce a turning effect (rotation) only. A couple consists of two forces that are anti parallel, if equal magnitude and do not act along the same line of action.

36
Q

Torque of a couple

A

Torque of couple is the product of the perpendicular distance between the lines of action of the forces and the magnitude of one of the forces.

37
Q

Equilibrium

A

For a system in complete equilibrium, resultant force on the body must be 0 (translational equilibrium); resultant moment on the body about any axis must be 0 (rotational equilibrium)

38
Q

Principle of conservation of energy

A

Energy can be converged from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed

39
Q

Work done by a force

A

The WD by a force on the body is the product of the magnitude of the force and the displacement in the direction of the force

40
Q

Power

A

Power is the rate at which work is done

41
Q

Instantaneous power

A

P = d WD / dt = Fv where is the instantaneous velocity

42
Q

1 rad

A

One rad is the angle subtended at the center of the circle by an arc equal in length to the radius of the circle

43
Q

Angular displacement

A

Angular displacement is the angle an object turns about a fixed point

44
Q

Angular velocity

A

Angular velocity is defined as the rate of change of angular displacement wrt time

45
Q

Period

A

Is the time taken for an object in circular motion to make one complete revolution

46
Q

Frequency

A

Is the the number of revolutions made per unit time

H2 Physics Definitions (2 decks)

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