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Physics > Mechanics > Flashcards

Mechanics Flashcards

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0
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

F= mass * acceleration

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1
Q

Newton’s 1st law

A

An object at rest will stay at rest and an object at motion will stay in motion unless a net force acts on it

No net force= no acceleration

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2
Q

Newton’s 3rd law

A

Action reaction pairs

If obj 1 exerts a force on obj 2 then obj 2 exerts a force on obj1 equal in magnitude but in opposite direction

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3
Q

Law of gravitation

A

Gravitational force= (Gm1m2)/r^2
G= 6.67 x10^-11

Gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between centers of objects

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4
Q

Friction

A

Static
-no relative motion between the surfaces that are in contact
Force= maximum coefficient of static friction* normal force

Kinetic
- when there is motion( sliding)
Force= coefficient of kinetic friction * normal force

Normal force is perpendicular to contact force on obj

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5
Q

Pulley

A

Device that changes the tension that pulls on the object

If we pull down on the left on the right the pulley will pull up

A pulley system causes a constant tension to exist throughout the entire string

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6
Q

Center of mass

A

Xcm= (m1x1+m2x2+….)/(m1+m2+…)

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7
Q

Uniform circular motion

A

An object moving in a circular path where speed is constant( not velocity as direction changes)

Centripetal acceleration: (mass * velocity^2)/ radius

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8
Q

Torque

A

= Radius * force * sin( theta)
Or
= force * lever arm ( the lever arm is perpendicular to the line of action of the force)
Measure of force’s effectiveness to make an object spin or rotate

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9
Q

Equilibrium

A

Means zero acceleration
Doesn’t mean zero velocity

Rotational equilibrium means zero net torque
Translational equilibrium means zero net force

Static equilibrium is when force, torque and velocity are zero

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10
Q

Rotational inertia

A

Inertia- resistance to acceleration

Torque = inertia * rotational acceleration

The farther away mass is from axis of rotation the greater the rotational inertia will be

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11
Q

Work

A

= force* distance* cos( angle between force and distance)

= - pressure* change in volume

Negative work means work done by the system

Note: expanding gases cool, compressed gases warm

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12
Q

Power

A

= work/ time

= force * velocity

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13
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy due to motion

=0.5mass* velocity^2

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14
Q

Work energy theorem

A

Total work done on an object= change in kinetic energy

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15
Q

Potential energy

A

= mass* gravity* height

Change in potential energy= - work done by gravity

Work done by gravity depends on initial and final heights not on the path object follows making it a conservative force
Friction depends on the path

16
Q

Total mechanical energy

A

= kinetic energy + potential energy

When friction isn’t present
Energy initial = energy final

With friction
Energy initial + work done by friction= energy final

17
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

= effort distance( with machine)/resistance distance( without)

Tells us how much less force is required by the machine

Machines allow your effort force to decrease

18
Q

Efficiency

A

= work output/ energy input

Measures degree to which friction reduced the actual work output

19
Q

Momentum

A

Linear momentum= mass* velocity

The momentum of individuals changes not the system

Angular momentum= inertia *angular velocity = lever arm * linear momentum
Inertia is the rotational version of mass

Torque is the rate of change of angular momentum

20
Q

Impulse

A

Effect of exerting a force on an object over time

Force* change in time = mass* change in velocity= change in momentum

21
Q

Collisions

A

Elastic- kinetic energy and momentum conserved

Inelastic- momentum conserved

Perfectly inelastic- momentum conserved and objects stick together after

22
Q

Isobaric process

A

Occurs at constant pressure

Area under PV graph is work

Work = -pressure * change in volume

23
Q

Isochoric process

A

Process maintains constant volume

No work is occurring therefore change in energy = heat

24
Q

Isothermal process

A

Heat can freely pass between system and surroundings

Temp is constant

No change in energy

Work = -heat

25
Q

Adiabatic process

A

No heat is transferred

Change of energy =-work

Physics (5 decks)

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