Mechanics Flashcards
binding energy
the energy difference between the mass energy of a nucleus and its separate constituent particles
Carnot cycle
the ideal series of states through which a heat engine may go through
The Carnot cycle consists of two ____ processes and two ______ processes.
isothermal
adiabatic
centripetal acceleration
the acceleration of an object in uniform circular motion which is pointed toward the center of the circle
compressional strain
the volume change of an object due to uniform pressure
elastic collision
a collision between two objects in which the kinetic energy of both is conserved
elastic modulus
the ratio of stress to strain
elasticity
the property of an object to restore its shape after deformation
emissivity
an intrinsic property of a material indicating how well it radiates heat
isobaric
at constant pressure
isochoric
at constant volume
isothermal
at constant temperature
torque
a push or pull that causes an object to rotate about a fixed point
centripetal force
inwardly directed force
exerted on an object to keep the object moving in a circle
Define inertia
The resistance of any object to change of it’s movement.
Momentum=
Mass • Velocity
Hooke’s Law applies to ______ and can be written as the equation ________
Springs
F = − kΔx, where k is the spring constant (unique to the particular spring) and Δx is the change in length of the spring relative to its normal, relaxed state.
Potential Energy from Gravity=
Mass•Gravity•Height
What is a couple in terms of physics?
a system of forces with a resultant (a.k.a. net or sum) moment but no resultant force
What is the equation for the period of a torsional pendulum?
T= 2π√(L/C) where C is the restoring couple of the string, and L is the length of the pendulum.
What is the equation for the period of an ideal pendulum?
T= 2π√(L/g) where g is the acceleration due to gravity and L is the length of the pendulum.
The equation for centripetal force is?
F = m(v²) / R
The equation for calculating escape velocity is?
v = √(2gM/r) where g is the acceleration due to gravity, M is mass, and r is radius.
Kinetic Energy=
½mv²
Period of an Oscillating Mass (on spring)=
2π√(m/k)
Standard Friction Equation
Fr = μN Where μ is the coefficient of friction for the two surfaces and N is the net perpendicular force pushing the two objects together.
Only class _ or class _ levers can be used to gain a mechanical advantage.
1
2
Mechanics may be divided into three branches:
statics, kinematics, and kinetics
____ deals with forces acting on and in a body at rest
statics
______ describes the possible motions of a body or system of bodies
kinematics
_______ attempts to explain or predict the motion that will occur in a given situation
kinetics
The thermal energy transfer of a substance can be expressed as
Q = m * cp * Δt Where Q quantity of energy transferred, m = mass of substance, cp = specific heat of the substance, and Δt = temperature difference in the substance
The efficiency of a Carnot cycle can be solved for with the equation:
μC = (Ti - To) / Ti Where μC is the efficiency of the Carnot cycle, Ti = temperature at the engine inlet (in Kelvins), and To = temperature at engine exhaust (in Kelvins)
Free fall height equation
S(T) = -(1/2)GT² + VoT + So Where S(T) is height as a function of time, G is acceleration due to gravity (32ft/sec² or 9.8m/sec²), Vo is the initial vertical velocity, and So is the initial height.
Free fall velocity equation
V(T) = -GT + Vo Where V(T) is velocity as a function of time, G is acceleration due to gravity (32ft/sec² or 9.8m/sec²), and Vo is the initial velocity.
If an object in motion has negative acceleration, in what direction is the force causing the negative acceleration being applied to the object?
The direction opposite the object’s motion.
What scientist was the first to propose that in the absence of air resistance, all objects fall with the same constant acceleration?
Galileo
Newton’s first law of motion:
An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.
Newton’s second law of motion:
The acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
Newton’s third law
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
What property of a wave is amplified during constructive interference?
Amplitude
What properties of a wave needs to be synchronized in order for constructive interference to occur?
The location and period (and thus frequency or vice-versa) of the crests and troughs.
What is the equation for finding the distance traveled by an object that is accelerating?
Distance traveled= vot + 0.5at²
Where vo is initial veloity, t is time, and a is acceleration.
What is the equation for finding velocity via distance?
v² = vo² + 2a(d-do)
Where v is the final velocity, vo is the initial velocity, a is acceleration, d is the distance traveled, and (d-do) is the distance traveled.
What is the equation for finding torque?
t = rFsin(Ө)
Where t is torque, r is the radius, F is the force, and Ө is the angle rotated.
What is the equation for finding impulse?
J = FΔt = Δp
Where J is impulse, F is force, Δt is the change in time, and Δp is the change in momentum.
What is the most common instrument used for
measuring gas pressure?
Manometer
What is the equation to find work?
W = FΔrcos(Θ)
Where W is work, Δr is the displacement, and Θ is the angle between the vectors of F and Δr.
What is the equation for finding the gravitational force between two objects?
Fg = -Gm₁m₂/(r²)
Where Fg is the force of gravity, G is the gravitational constant (approximately 6.673×10^-11), m₁ is the mass of the first object, m₂ is the mass of the second object, and r is the distance between the objects.
In what kind of collision does momentum get conserved, kinetic energy decreased, and the objects stick together?
An inelastic collision
In what kind of collision does momentum get conserved, kinetic energy gets conserved, and the objects bounce off of each other?
A perfectly elastic collision.
What occurs at an explosive collision?
Momentum get conserved, kinetic energy decreases, and the objects stick together.
What is the equation for the circular velocity of a satellite?
v² = (G ∙ m) / r
Where v is velocity, G is the gravitational constant, m is the mass of the body around which the satellite orbits, and r is the radius of the orbit.
What is damping?
Anything that converts the energy of the oscillating system irreversibly into other forms of energy.
