Mechanical Systems Flashcards
What is the formula to calculate work?
Work = Force(N) x Distance(Metres) W= Fd
What is work?
A force causing something to move over a certain distance and transferring energy.
Define machine
A Mechanical system that reduces the force needed to do work/ makes things easier.
What is the formula to calculate power?
Work (J)/ Time (seconds)
w/t
(watts)
What is the formula to calculate mechanical advantage
Output force/ Input force
F out/ F in
What’s energy?
The ability to do work
What is friction?
Resistant of movement.
What’s mass?
The amount of matter that something has
What’s weight
It is the measure of the force of gravity on an object or body.
What’s force?
A push or pull on an object.
Force formula?
Fg = m x g
Mass (kg) x Gravitational field (9.8)
What’s gravity?
Gravity is the force by which a planet or other body draws objects toward its center. (Attraction between 2 objects due to their mass)
Laws of conservation of energy?
Energy can only be transferred or transform from 1 to another
U can’t create or destroy energy
What’s power?
The rate at which work is done is referred to as power
- Kinetic vs. 2. Potential vs.3. Gravitational Potential Energy
Definitions
- energy of motion 2. stored energy
3. Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object as the result of its vertical position or height.
What’re the 6 simple machines?
Lever, pulley, inclined plane, screw, wedge, wheel & axle
Lever & pulley definition ;examples
Lever: Rigid bar that’s supported at 1 point (rake, bottle opener, seesaw)
Pulley: grooved wheel w/ a rope or cable looped around it (Flag pole, pulling up blinds, elevator )
Inclined plane & wedge ;examples
Inclined plane: sloping surface on which an object can move. (downhill road, slide, skateboard ramp)
Wedge: an inclined plane that travels through another material. (axe, knife, saw, teeth)
Screw and wheel & axle; examples
Screw: Inclined plane wrapped around a rod (screw, cap on waterbottle)
Wheel & axle: Consists of a rod attached to a larger disk. (doorknobs, screwdriver, wheels)
the 3 class levers.
1st class: Fulcrum in between the input and output forces, output force is opposite direction to input.
2nd class: output force in between the fulcrum and input forces, input and output face same direction.
3rd class: Input force in between the fulcrum and output force, input and output face same direction
Ideal mechanical advantage (IMA) formula
Ideal mechanical advantage:
length of input arm/ length of output arm
IMA = L in/ L out
Different pulleys?
Fixed pulleys: change only the direction of the force & has an IMA of 1
Movable pulley: 1 end of the rope is fixed & the pulley is allowed to move.
Mechanism, Mechanical system?
Mechanism: 2 or more simple machines working together
Mechanical system: a group of physical parts that interact w/ each other & function as a whole to complete a task
how simple machines make things easier?
increase force, distance, and change direction
