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Mechanical Systems 1 > Mechanical Systems 1 > Flashcards

Mechanical Systems 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define stress

A

Force applied to cross sectional area of an object.

Stress is the applied force or system of forces that tends to deform a body

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2
Q

Define strain

A

Strain is the response system to an applied stress when material is loaded with a force that produces a stress which then causes a material to deform

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3
Q

Explain tortion shear bending and hoop stress

A

Torsion: twisting force

Shear: try to slide a body apart

Bending: 1 side is squeezed and other is pulled apart

Hoop: pressure difference

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4
Q

What are the basic construction members

A

Ties: purely subject to tension

Struts: members and compression

Beams: carrying loads at an angle takes loads and bending

Webs: members carrying loads in shear. ribs and the skin itself are webs

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5
Q

What is stressed skin

A

Covers frame with a skin panel which can take tension and compression loads. the skin takes the loads of the diagonals

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6
Q

Highlight the characteristics of a monocoque construction

A

Relies entirely on skin strength to carry loads, no internal bracing except frames, formers and bulkheads

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7
Q

Briefly explain geoditic construction

A

Structural members are formed within the areodynamic shape itself

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8
Q

What 2 types of trusses are used in aircraft construction

A

Warren and Pratt

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9
Q

What is the disadvantage of thin metal monocoque design construction

A

Can fail when subject to relatively minor dense or creases

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10
Q

Name the 3 secondary purposes of wings

A

Fuel storage
under carriage attachments
provides means of attaching the flight controls

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11
Q

Highlight the principle of a cantilevered wing

A

Rib and spar arrangement with external bracing wires and struts

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12
Q

Briefly outline sweepback theory

A

Only the component of the airflow perpendicular to the leading edge of the wing that affects pressure distribution and formation of shock waves

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13
Q

What are stringers

A

Rigidly attached to skin all of these structures, stiffening the skin and assisting it to carry loads in the direction of their length

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14
Q

Where would doublers be used

A

Around doors and windows

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15
Q

What are drag wires

A

The wires that extend from front spar to rear spa and that are running diagonally from inbound to outbound

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16
Q

What are the 3 Fundamental wing construction designs

A

Mono or single spar, Multi spar, Box beam/torsion box

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17
Q

What is the function of a spar in wing construction

A

Carrys static weight of wings on ground

Ultimately takes loads carried by wings during flight

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18
Q

What is the main use of stringers in fuselage construction

A

Give shape for the attachment of the skin

prevents tension and compression from bending the fuselage

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19
Q

How do radome lighting diverters strips prevent damage

A

Decrease lighting image and transmitting it to the airframe

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20
Q

During flight what loads will be felt on a cantilever wing’s spar caps

A

Compressive loads on top, tensile loads on bottom

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21
Q

Name the 4 main methods of joining structure together

A

Nuts and bolts
Riveting
Welding
bonding

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22
Q

Name the main components of the helicopter transmission system

A

Main rotor transmission
Tail rotor
Drive system
Clutch
Free wheeling unit

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23
Q

What are the main structural members in the helicopter fuselage

A

To longitudinal Beams that form primary structure

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24
Q

What forces are helicopter rotor blades subject to

A

bending and shear

Large centrifugal loads from blades during rotation

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25
Q

What is an aleron station

A

Is major outboard from, And parallel 2, Is the inboard age of the aileron, Perpendicular to the rear beam of the wing

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26
Q

What are nacelles stations

A

Measured either forward or behind the front spar of wing and perpendicular to a designated water line

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27
Q

Name Some properties of composite materials

A

light weight
High strength
Can be molded into complex shapes
Corrosion resistant

28
Q

Define hardness

A

Ability to resist cutting, pentration or abrasion

29
Q

What happens when a metal is cold worked

A

Increases in hardness and strength

30
Q

What 2 types of hate treatment are used on aluminum alloys

A

Solution heat treatment
Precipitation heat treatment

31
Q

What percentage of carbon is in low, Medium, And hard carbon steel

A

Low 0.1 to 0.3%
Medium 0.3 to 0.5%
Hard 0.5 to 1.05%

32
Q

What is stainless steel

A

Steel with large amounts of caramelium and nickel

33
Q

How is steel annealed

A

Heated to just above its critical temperature, Soaked for a specific time, And then cooled

34
Q

What are the 2 methods of case hardening steel

A

Carburizing and nitriding

35
Q

Where would you use inconel metal

A

Gas turbine engines due to maintaining strength at extremely high temperatures

36
Q

What is The Matrix of composites

A

The glue that holds it together

37
Q

What is the safe life of a structure

A

Min number of flight hours or flight cycles that statistically should elapse before major failure occurs

38
Q

When could a structure be closed as damage tolerant

A

If it can continue carrying the load once a defect has occurred without affecting the integrity of the aircraft structure or safety until scheduled inspection and a repair can be carried out

39
Q

What are the 4 evolutions of flight controls

A

Simple mechanical
Hydraulic, Power assisted
hydraulic, Fully powered
Fly by wire

40
Q

How a cable fitting attached 2 cables

A

Swag using metal collars pressed onto the cable

41
Q

Explain the construction of 7x19 extra flexible wire

A

7 strands, 19 separate wires in each strand

42
Q

What is a lock clad cable

A

An aluminium tube swagged over parts of the cable. Causes steel cable to expand a similar expansion rate to aluminum structures

43
Q

How are cables fitted through pressure bulkheads

A

Go through a special pressure retaining fairlead to reduce the air leakage around cable

44
Q

Why would you use a bell crank

A

To change directions and a push pull rod system

Gain or decrease mechanical advantage

45
Q

What is a torque tube

A

Tube which transmits rotary motion

46
Q

Why have secondary stops

A

They are used as override stops to prevent stretching of cables and damage to the control system during violent maneuvers

47
Q

Briefly describe the basic rigging procedure of an aircraft

A

lock cockpit control into neutral position

Adjust cable tension
Remove system locks
Check/adjust primary stop
Chick/adjust secondary stops

48
Q

What basic equipment is required for rigging a flat control system

A

Rig pins
Rigging board
Protectors or Inclinometer
Rigging fixtures
Contour templates
Rulers
Tensiometers and cable rigging tension charts

49
Q

When must a duplicate inspection be carried out

A

After any disturbance of a flight control system

50
Q

What can backlash in a control system cause

A

Flutter

51
Q

What prevents the stationary swashplate from rotating with the rotorshaft

A

Antidrive link

52
Q

How would you determine whether an access panel was a stressed panel or not

A

In the aircraft maintenance manual / panel chart

53
Q

What usually takes the presurisation loads on outward opening cargo doors

A

Hinges and latches

54
Q

What a light aircraft windows usually constructed from

A

Single layer of perplex or polycarbonate

55
Q

What can cause crazing on a plastic window

A

Mechanical stresses or the action of a chemical agent

56
Q

Describe the construction of aircraft interior partitions

A

Composites, honeycomb materials, very lightweight and non structural (to aircraft)

57
Q

What aircraft must carry a first aid kit

A

All aircraft with 10 or more passengers

58
Q

What aircraft must carry a readily accessible axe

A

Aircraft with seating capacity of 20 or more passengers

59
Q

What is the stipulation for the requirement of lifejackets

A

All flights that cannot maintain more than 1000ft altitude at more than gliding distance from the shore

60
Q

How many cabin crew should there be on board

A

1 per 50 passengers

61
Q

What is portable water

A

Water suitable for human consumption

62
Q

How is the portable water system pressurized

A

Engine bleed air

63
Q

If the recirculating pump on a recirculating toilet fails can the toilet still be used

A

Can still be used as a chemical toilet

64
Q

If waste tank is full in a vacuum toilet system, how is flush cycle prevented

A

Point level sensor prevents flush cycle if full

65
Q

How is overfilling of the portable water system prevented when servicing

A

Excess water flows through overflow fitting

Mechanical Systems 1 (1 decks)

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