Mechanical And Physical Properties Of Metals Flashcards
What are some ferrous metals?
Wrought Iron Cast Iron Carbon and low-alloy steels Alloy steels Stainless steels
What are some non-ferrous metals?
Aluminum Copper Lead Magnesium Nickel Silver Tin Zinc
Explain what mechanical properties mean
“Mechanical properties” are the ways in which a metal behaves under external forces these properties indicate the resistance a metal offers to many forms of stress.
Name 5 types of stress
Shear (pulled sideways) Torsion (spinning) Compression (squishing) Tension (pulling apart) Bending
Describe tensile strength and ultimate tensile strength
Tensile strength is defined as the resistance a metal offers to a force that is gradually pulled apart. It does not mean resistance to loads that are applied suddenly.
Ultimate tensile strength is the maximum load a metal can withstand without failing
Explain elasticity and yield point
Elasticity is the ability of a material to return to its original dimensions after it has been strained or stretched.
Yield point is where the elastic limit is reached and the material will not return to its original shape
Explain elongation
Elongation is the amount of stretching a metal can withstand before it breaks. The amount of elongation reflects the strain suffered by the metal when it is under tension. Strain is measured by deciding the original length of metal into the amount of elongation
Explain ductility
Ductility is the ability of a metal to stretch, bend or twist without breaking or cracking. Ductility is measured by the percentage elongation and by the percentage reduction in the cross-sectional area when a metal is stretched. Ductility is often called “plasticity”
Explain Malleability
Malleability is the ability of a metal to be deformed by compression forces such as those encountered in rolling, pressing or forging without developing defects.
Explain what brittleness is
Brittleness is a condition in which metal will fracture suddenly without first showing much permanent deformation. Cast iron (especially white cast iron) is an example of brittleness. Brittleness indicates a lack of ductility.
Explain impact strength
Impact strength is the ability of a metal to resist loads that are applied suddenly and often with high velocity. Impact strength is often called “toughness”.
Impact strength may be seriously affected by welding, since it is one of the most structurally sensitive properties
Explain compressive strength
Compressive strength is the ability of a material to resist being crushed. In compression, the direction of the applied load is opposite of that in tension.
Explain fatigue strength
Fatigue stretch is the ability of a metal to resist rapidly alternating stretching, twisting and compressive stresses, when the load is applied first in one direction and then from another.
Explain hardness
Hardness is the ability of a metal to resist indentation or penetration
What is the melting point of low carbon steel?
1533C (2760F)
