Mechanical Flashcards
Displacement
final position - initial position
Velocity
average velocity = (displacement / change in time)
Speed
average speed = (total distance travelled / change in time)
Acceleration
average acceleration = (change in velocity / change in time)
Projectile Motion
vertical velocity = (original vertical velocity - (g x time))
Rotational Kinematics
increasing the radius increases the linear speed
linear speed = radius (in radians) x rotational speed
Force
a push or pull on an object
force = mass x acceleration
Weight
weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s^2 or -32.2 ft/s^2)
Rotational Kinetics
torque = radius x force
Work
the transfer of energy from one object to another
work = force x displacement
(for 2-dimensions) work = force x displacement x cos(angle between displacement and force)
Energy
the ability of a body to do work on another object
Kinetic Energy
energy an object has by virtue of its motion
Gravitational Potential Energy
energy by virtue of an object’s height
gravitational potential energy = weight x height
Elastic Potential Energy
energy stored in compression or tension
Power
the rate of work
power = (work / time)
Mechanical Advantage
the amount of change a simple machine provides to the magnitude of a force
mechanical advantage = (output force / input force) = (input distance / output distance)
Inclined Plane
mechanical advantage = (slant rise / rise)
Wedge
mechanical advantage = (length / width)
Screw
mechanical advantage = (circumference / length between crests)
Lever
mechanical advantage = (effort distance / resistance distance)
Wheel
mechanical advantage = (wheel radius / axle radius)
Gears
mechanical advantage = (output torque / input torque) = (output # of teeth / input # of teeth)
Gear Ratio
gear ratio = (driving # of teeth / driven # of teeth)
Hydraulic Jack
mechanical advantage = (output radius^2 / input radius^2)
Linear Momentum
how much a body will resist stopping
momentum = (mass x velocity)
Volumetric Flow Rate
volumetric flow rate = (volume moved / time for the movement)
Density
how much mass is in a specific volume of a substance
density = p = (mass / volume)
Pressure
the amount of force applied per area
pressure = (force / area)
Pascal’s Principle
a change in the pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid as well as to the walls of the containing vessel
Conduction
the transfer of heat by physical contact
Convection
the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids
Radiation
the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves
Concave Lenses
make objects appear smaller
Convex Lenses
make objects appear larger
Current
the rate at which the charge flows through a conductive material
measured in Amperes (A)
Voltage
the push behind electrical work
measured in volts (V)
Resistance
the amount of pressure to slow electrical current
measured in Ohms (OMEGA)
Basic Circuit
a circuit is a closed loop through which current can flow
Ohm’s Law
voltage (V) = current (I) x resistance (R)
Series Circuits
a circuit with two or more resistors on the same path.
R = (Rsub1 + Rsub2)
Parallel Circuits
a circuit with two or more resistors on different, parallel paths.
R = (1 / (1 / Rsub1) + (1 / Rsub2))
Electrical Power
power (P) = current (I) x voltage (V)
Capacitors
electrical components which store voltage
capacitors don’t stop AC circuits (although they do affect the current flow), but they do stop DC circuits, acting as open circuits
Inductors
electrical components which effectively store current
inductors don’t stop DC circuits, but they do resist AC circuits as AC circuits utilize changing currents
Diodes
electrical components which limit the flow of electricity to one direction
