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ASTB Personal > Mechanical > Flashcards

Mechanical Flashcards

1
Q

Displacement

A

final position - initial position

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2
Q

Velocity

A

average velocity = (displacement / change in time)

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3
Q

Speed

A

average speed = (total distance travelled / change in time)

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4
Q

Acceleration

A

average acceleration = (change in velocity / change in time)

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5
Q

Projectile Motion

A

vertical velocity = (original vertical velocity - (g x time))

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6
Q

Rotational Kinematics

A

increasing the radius increases the linear speed

linear speed = radius (in radians) x rotational speed

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7
Q

Force

A

a push or pull on an object

force = mass x acceleration

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8
Q

Weight

A

weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity (-9.8 m/s^2 or -32.2 ft/s^2)

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9
Q

Rotational Kinetics

A

torque = radius x force

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10
Q

Work

A

the transfer of energy from one object to another

work = force x displacement

(for 2-dimensions) work = force x displacement x cos(angle between displacement and force)

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11
Q

Energy

A

the ability of a body to do work on another object

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12
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

energy an object has by virtue of its motion

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13
Q

Gravitational Potential Energy

A

energy by virtue of an object’s height

gravitational potential energy = weight x height

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14
Q

Elastic Potential Energy

A

energy stored in compression or tension

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15
Q

Power

A

the rate of work

power = (work / time)

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16
Q

Mechanical Advantage

A

the amount of change a simple machine provides to the magnitude of a force

mechanical advantage = (output force / input force) = (input distance / output distance)

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17
Q

Inclined Plane

A

mechanical advantage = (slant rise / rise)

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18
Q

Wedge

A

mechanical advantage = (length / width)

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19
Q

Screw

A

mechanical advantage = (circumference / length between crests)

20
Q

Lever

A

mechanical advantage = (effort distance / resistance distance)

21
Q

Wheel

A

mechanical advantage = (wheel radius / axle radius)

22
Q

Gears

A

mechanical advantage = (output torque / input torque) = (output # of teeth / input # of teeth)

23
Q

Gear Ratio

A

gear ratio = (driving # of teeth / driven # of teeth)

24
Q

Hydraulic Jack

A

mechanical advantage = (output radius^2 / input radius^2)

25
Q

Linear Momentum

A

how much a body will resist stopping

momentum = (mass x velocity)

26
Q

Volumetric Flow Rate

A

volumetric flow rate = (volume moved / time for the movement)

27
Q

Density

A

how much mass is in a specific volume of a substance

density = p = (mass / volume)

28
Q

Pressure

A

the amount of force applied per area

pressure = (force / area)

29
Q

Pascal’s Principle

A

a change in the pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid as well as to the walls of the containing vessel

30
Q

Conduction

A

the transfer of heat by physical contact

31
Q

Convection

A

the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids

32
Q

Radiation

A

the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves

33
Q

Concave Lenses

A

make objects appear smaller

34
Q

Convex Lenses

A

make objects appear larger

35
Q

Current

A

the rate at which the charge flows through a conductive material

measured in Amperes (A)

36
Q

Voltage

A

the push behind electrical work

measured in volts (V)

37
Q

Resistance

A

the amount of pressure to slow electrical current

measured in Ohms (OMEGA)

38
Q

Basic Circuit

A

a circuit is a closed loop through which current can flow

39
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

voltage (V) = current (I) x resistance (R)

40
Q

Series Circuits

A

a circuit with two or more resistors on the same path.

R = (Rsub1 + Rsub2)

41
Q

Parallel Circuits

A

a circuit with two or more resistors on different, parallel paths.

R = (1 / (1 / Rsub1) + (1 / Rsub2))

42
Q

Electrical Power

A

power (P) = current (I) x voltage (V)

43
Q

Capacitors

A

electrical components which store voltage

capacitors don’t stop AC circuits (although they do affect the current flow), but they do stop DC circuits, acting as open circuits

44
Q

Inductors

A

electrical components which effectively store current

inductors don’t stop DC circuits, but they do resist AC circuits as AC circuits utilize changing currents

45
Q

Diodes

A

electrical components which limit the flow of electricity to one direction

ASTB Personal (3 decks)

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