Meat As Food, History Flashcards
What is the goal of animal agriculture?
To produce food using health, genetics, volume, and quality
What describes meat?
Animal tissues that are suitable for use as food
What industry did a bad job at keeping its name as real animal product?
Milk, almond, oat, etc.
What do muscles do, and why do we study them?
Locomotion- getting the animal to food
Protects bones
Digestion- movement of smooth muscle
Human food source
What is a purveyor?
A seller of meat
What do people in meat technology do?
Study shelf life, new retail cuts, and sausage (processed meat) making
What are the main characteristics of the CURRENT meat industry?
The plants have moved to the animal
it is clean and sanitary
automated
humane handling
What are the slaughter rates of cattle, pigs, and chickens?
Cattle: 450 to 500/hr
Pigs: 1,000 to 3,000/hr
Chickens: 12,000/hr; 200,000/day
Due to chicken influenza, chicken is getting expensive. What meat is sometimes cheaper than chicken now?
Pork
What is meat quality?
Color, marbling, and tenderness
How long ago is it estimated butchering strated?
About 3.4 million years ago
How many years ago were goats, pigs, sheep, cattle, and chickens domesticated?
Goats- 9,000
Pigs- 9,000
Sheep- 7,000
Cattle- 5,000
Chicken- 5,500 years ago
In what order did public animal slaughter occur?
Home-based slaughter, local butcher shop, large scale/centralized processing
Where does the phrase “packing” meat come from?
Early meat processors packed meat into barrels with salt in 1635
Who is credited as the first US meat processor?
Sam Wilson/ Uncle Sam
Supplied meat to soldiers during the War of 1812
What year did Elisa Mills open Ohio’s first slaughter house?
1818
What did Elisa Mills’ slaughterhouse (the first in Ohio) become known as?
In 1829, it became known as Porkopolis
What year did the railroad kill the meats industry in Cincinnati?
1861
Where was the meat industry originally located? (the Hog Butcher of the World)
Chicago
What role did taverns play in the meat industry?
They provided stock pens for dealers, so you could drink and find stock in the same place
What book started the meat inspection industry?
The Jungle
T/F The Jungle is about immigrants and briefly mentions bad working environments, which disgusted people.
True
T/F The Meat Inspection Act of 1901 made it to where meat plants must be inspected.
False. The Meat Inspection Act of 1906
What two inspection practices are there?
Antemortem and post mortem
What happens in antemortem inspections?
A walk through pens to see live animals who are sick, crippled, or dead before slaughter
What inspection happens after the animal is dead, to inspect head, viscera, and carcass
Postmortem
What is a US Suspect?
Seriously crippled, minor eye problems. Often they get slaughtered and then the carcass is extra checked.
What are US Condemned cattle?
Cattle who are dead, moribund, comatose, or obvious signs of disease. They cannot enter the food chain and are disposed of.
What category of cows may have the whole carcass go to market or part due to problems?
US Retained
