measuring renal function Flashcards
what are the abnormal constituents of urine
glucose
blood
protein
ketones
cells
what is urine
output of the kidney
what is the volume of normal urine output
2mls/kg/hr
what is anuria
no urine flow
what is the volume for polyuria
over 2mls/kg/hr
what is the volume for oliguira
1ml/kg/hr
what is isothernuria
when urine concentration has a specific gravity of 1.008 - 1.012
what are kidneys essential in regulation of
potassium, calcium, phosphate, bicarbonate and acid - base status
under normal circumstances in the kidney what is there net secretion of
phosphate, potassium and protons
under normal circumstances in the kidney what is there 100% reabsorption of
bicarbonate and glucose
how to know if animal is azotaemic
if urea and creatine are increased above normal values
what can reduced GFR be caused by other than kidney (renal) disease
reduced blood pressure
dehydration
CV disease
what causes renal azotaemia
renal disease
difference between pre-renal and renal azotaemia
animal is able to concentrate urine with pre renal but in renal animal is not able to produce much urine or not able to concentrate urine
cause of pre-renal azotaemia
reduced blood supply to the kidney
cause of post renal azotaemia
blockage of urine flow below the kidneys eg ruptured bladder
what happens in acute kidney injury
rapid life-threatening impairment in kidney function
GFR is reduced and loss in ability to concentrate urine
urine output can be zero, reduced or increased
what happens in chronic kidney disease
long term progressive loss of kidney function
GFR is reduced and loss in ability to concentrate urine
urine output INCREASED
blood biochemistry of kidney disease
increase in concentration of nitrogenous waste products
increase in concentration of inorganic phosphate
increase in blood concentration of potassium
decrease in concentration of bicarbonate
what does decreased concentration of bicarbonate cause
metabolic acidosis
concentration of potassium in anorexic animals
hypokalaemic
