Measuring Population Health Flashcards
What is Individual perspective
focus on health, risk factors, exposures, causal mechanisms in people as individuals
What is Population perspective
focus on disorders (“mass disease”), exposures, causal mechanisms in people as a group
What are the three key descriptive terms for populations?
dynamic, diverse, and heterogeneous.
What Demographic characteristics have impacts on health?
Sex ratio, place, education, economic resources, gender, ethnicity
Mothers are getting older. What are the reasons for these delays
Contraception – more accessible
Education – both in terms of delaying marriage and providing skills to control contraception.
Changes in support for families (for example maternity and paternity leave and tax credits)
How do you calculate Birth/fertility rate?
births in said year / mid year population
why is overall death rate not used often?
The mortality rate for females is lower than that for men and rises more slowly than that for men, at every age. Thus, any comparison of mortality rates across populations or groups within a population must in some way account for the age and gender distributions of the groups being compared.
what is used to compare death rates normally?
death rates are calculated for specific subgroups defined by gender and age.
When an overall figure is desired, the rates for the different age groups are combined as a weighted average – the resulting average is called an “age-adjusted” or “age-standardized” mortality rate and is typically computed separately for males and females.
Life expectancy is essentially a summarization of the mortality rates at each age.
Whats the difference between Period and cohort life expectancy?
period life expectancy at age 65 in 2000 would be worked out using the mortality rate for age 65 in 2000, for age 66 in 2000, for age 67 in 2000, and so on.
Cohort life expectancy at age 65 in 2000 would be worked out using the mortality rate for age 65 in 2000, for age 66 in 2001, for age 67 in 2002, and so on.
describe the pattern seen in migration
cyclic pattern. The reasons people move in/out are social, political and economic
What are the important parts of a pyramid diagram to consider in terms of healthcare?
how top heavy it is. A base is needed in order to support the old
what would cause a bulge in a pyramid diagram?
if death rates are decreased or if birth rates or net migration increase.
whats TFR?
the number of babies that the average woman will have during her reproductive lifetime.
A TFR of two is approximately replacement level, since the two births to the average woman will take the place of herself and her mate
why should life expectancy be considered when allocating resources?
places with low life expectancy, or high mortality, are in need of more resources.
Describe the levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Need
Self - actualization Esteem Love/Belonging Safety Physiological
What is the need for Self - actualization?
the need for morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice and acceptance of facts.
What is the need for Esteem?
the need for self esteem, confidence, achievement and respect.
What is the need for Love/Belonging?
the need for friends, Family and Sexual intimacy.
What is the need for safety?
need for security of body, employment, resources, family, health and property
What are Physiological needs
breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion.
