measuring development

Question 1

capital widening

Answer 1

that the capital stock will increase at the same rate as the labour force and lead to a constant labour productivity (output per worker). Capital widening involves greater investment to make use of existing technology and increase the amount of capital available.

Question 2

capital deepening

Answer 2

is a situation where the capital per worker is increasing in the economy. This is also referred to as increase in the capital intensity. Capital deepening is often measured by the rate of change in capital stock per labour hour.

Question 3

child development ratio

Answer 3

Another key component to protect the health and safety of children and to promote good development is to have appropriate numbers of adults providing care for the appropriate number of children based on the child’s age. Infants and toddlers require more direct care from providers and therefore have a higher adult provider to child ratio permitted.

Question 4

old age dependency ratio

Answer 4

is the ratio of older dependents–people older than 64–to the working-age population–those ages 15-64. Data are shown as the proportion of dependents per 100 working-age population.

Question 5

purchasing power parity

Answer 5

The purchasing power of a country’s currency: the number of units of that currency required to purchase the same basket of goods and services in another country. The PPP theory states that movements in relative exchange rates will be exactly offset by movements in exchange rates.

Question 6

the big mac index

Answer 6

published by The Economist as an informal way of measuring the purchasing power parity (PPP) between two currencies and provides a test of the extent to which market exchange rates result in goods costing the same in different countries.

Question 7

life expectancy at birth

Answer 7

statistical measure of how long a person or organism may live, based on the year of their birth, their current age and other demographic factors including gender.

Question 8

infant mortality rate

Answer 8

is the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births. This rate is often used as an indicator of the level of health in a country.

Question 9

adult literacy rate

Answer 9

used to monitor education and literacy targets associated with Education for All (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals. The UIS collects data on youth and adult literacy through its annual survey onliteracy and educational attainment.

Question 10

net enrolment ratio in primary education

Answer 10

Total number of students in the theoretical age group for primary education enrolled in that level, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group

Question 11

the gender development index

Answer 11

The Gender-related Development Index (GDI) is an index designed to measure of gender equality. GDI together with the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) were introduced in 1995 in the Human Development Report written by the United Nations Developmen tProgram

Question 12

the genre empowerment measure

Answer 12

a measure of inequalities between men’s and women’s opportunities in a country. It combines inequalities in three areas: political participation and decision making, economic participation and decision making, and power over economic resources.

Question 13

the human poverty index

Answer 13

was an indication of the standard of living in a country, developed by the United Nations (UN) to complement the Human Development Index (HDI)

Question 14

single indicators

Answer 14

• gdp per capita
• gin per capita
• ppp
• life expectancy at birth
• infant mortality rate
• net enrollment ratio in primary school
• adult literacy rate

Question 15

composite indicators

Answer 15

• HDI
• -gender related dvp index
• gender empowerment measure
• human poverty index