MEASURING CRIME

Question 1

What is the OCS

Answer 1

the official crime statics

Question 2

explain the OCS

Answer 2

the OCS included statics produced from the police, court and prison records as we

Question 3

What are police recorded crimes

Answer 3

Supplied by 43 territorial police forces and home office which then the police record

Question 4

What are the benefits of the police recorded crime

Answer 4

1. Easy to access - already compiled
2. Up to date and standardised
3. Cover the whole population and go back many years - identify patterns and trends
4. Provide whole counts instead of estimates

Question 5

What are the limitations of police recorded crime figures.

Answer 5

1. Dark figure of crime - unreported and unrecorded crime
2. Not complete picture
3. Accuracy may vary from place to place
4. Coughing and cuffing

Question 6

Statistics on dark figure of crime

Answer 6

• mumsnet 2012 83% of those who had been raped or sexually assaulted did not report to the police. Embarrassed /ashamed
  -70% say media is less sympathetic to women who report rape
• kier starmer 2012 9/10 rapes and other sexual attacks are never reported to the police because victimisation do not believe the CJS
• Lindsey Armstrong(14) victim of rape was put into second ordeal by defence lawyer - underwear-next morning she overdosed and died

Question 7

Functionalists view on police recorded crime

Answer 7

Believe in existence of so I’ll facts
Trust quantitative data - reliable and representative
Value consensus
Working class males

Question 8

New rights and right realists view on PRCS

Answer 8

Accept full picture = believe that laws are made for the benefit of the whole society + applied equally
Underclass

Question 9

Left realists view on PRCS

Answer 9

Not perfect but not dismissed it should be added with victim surveys

Question 10

Feminists view on PRCS

Answer 10

Accept females commit less crime
High levels of social control
Male crimes against females is underrepresented

Question 11

Marxists view on PRCS

Answer 11

Tool to control capitalist society and working class to oppress them and justify their control
Used to scare us

Question 12

Interactionionsits view on PCRS

Answer 12

Agree to an extend with Marxists
Focus on social construction
Police labelling

Question 12

Radical criminologists view PRCS

Answer 12

Combine Marxists and interactionists
Focus on power of police to label for political reasons
Used to challenge the over representation of certain ethnic minority

Question 13

What are victim surveys

Answer 13

Surveying people about which crimes they have been victims to in a given period

Question 14

Example of victim surveys

Answer 14

CSEW

Question 15

Age range of CSEW

Answer 15

OVER 18
OVER 16
2009 10-15

Question 16

Representation of CSEW

Answer 16

35,000 adults and 30,000 children
Response rate in 2013-14 75% and 68% respectively

Question 17

What does CSEW show

Answer 17

Underrepresent crimes 4x higher - violence stalking and sexual

Question 18

Limitation of CSEW

Answer 18

• no victimless crimes
• Only over 16
• small sample
• 75% respond so could be missing potential important data

Question 19

Other victim survey

Answer 19

Islington crime survery 1986

Question 20

What did the Islington survery find?

Answer 20

3rd of all households touched by serious crimes in last 12 months
1/4 always avoided going out after dark due to fear of crime 28% felt unsafe in their home

Question 21

What did young argue about the Islington survery

Answer 21

Shows fear of crime is real and rational

Question 22

Dobash and Dobash

Answer 22

In-depth interview about DV for refugees women

Question 23

Limitations of Victim surveys

Answer 23

Dark figure of crime still
Relies too much on memory and honesty
Threshold of crime may differ
Response late is low
Non victimis may not respond

Question 24

What’s self report study

Answer 24

Asking people what crimes they themselves have committed
Carried on young people
Quantative
Longitudinal - Cambridge study

Question 25

Example of self report

Answer 25

The jack roller - life history of a criminal

Question 26

What did Campbell find

Answer 26

Levels admitted to crime by females and males were ,u n close than the police recorded figures tend to suggest
Some self report suggests that stasis’s overemphasis wc male involvement in crimes

Question 27

What’s the Cambridge study by Farmington

Answer 27

Followed criminal careers of 411 south London boys from 8-32 focused on gender differences

Question 28

Limitations of self report studies

Answer 28

Validity - false claims
Attrition - parctipants drop out rate
Ethics - informed consent

Question 29

West and Farmington what did they find

Answer 29

At age 18 94% of convicted boys admitted that have been convicted whilst 2% of unconvicted boys claimed to have been convicted

Question 30

What are the studies in self report studies

Answer 30

1. The jack roller study
2. Campbell = admitted crimes and overemphasis of wc
3. Farmington = The Cambridge study
4. West and Farmington = boys false acceptance

Question 31

What are the studies in victim surgery’s

Answer 31

1. CSEW - home office
2. Islington survery - jones Maclean and young
3. Young = fear is real and rational
4. Dobash and Dobash = refugee women DV

Question 32

What the way you can measure crime

Answer 32

1. Police recorded crime
   2, self report
2. Victim surveys