Measuring change

Question 1

Summative measurement

Answer 1

The practitioner waits until AFTER the intervention to measure student progress

Question 2

Formative Measurement

Answer 2

The practitioner measure student progress DURING the intervention while student behavior is changing

Question 3

Direct observation

Answer 3

one form of informal assessment

Question 4

What to use direct observation for?

Answer 4

Screening
Eligibility services
Monitoring/ evaluating

Question 5

Target Behavior

Answer 5

the behavior targeted for observation, measurement, or modification. The behavior you want to change

Question 6

Characteristics of Target behavior

Answer 6

Objective, clear and unambiguous, and completes

Question 7

Behavior Objective elements

Answer 7

1. Terminal Behavior
2. Conditions
3. Behavioral Criteria
4. Consecutive observations

Question 8

Frequency of response

Answer 8

the number of times a behavior occurs in some period of time

when time and opportunity for response are constant

Question 9

Rate of Response

Answer 9

Frequency of behavior during a certain unit of time

when times are constant

Question 10

Latency

Answer 10

the amount of time it takes for a child to begin a behavior, once he has been provided with the direction or instruction to do so

Question 11

Duration

Answer 11

Used when concerned about HOW long a behavior continues once started

Question 12

Total duration

Answer 12

the total amount of time child performs a target behavior

Question 13

Response duration

Answer 13

the amount of time the child performs each individual target behavior

Question 14

Intensity or magnitude

Answer 14

the force or strength of the behavior

Question 15

Anecdotal observation: ABC Analysis

Answer 15

observer records EVERYTHING observed about an individuals behavior

Question 16

Frequency recording/event recording

Answer 16

when observing an individual target behavior, simply count the behavior every time it occurs during a specific time period

Question 17

Duration Recording

Answer 17

record the amount of time a student Engages in the target behavior. average or total duration

Question 18

Interval Recording

Answer 18

dividing up a specific observation period into Equal intervals of smaller time periods or intervals.
If the target behavior occurred or did not occur during each interval

Question 19

Partial-Interval

Answer 19

observer records if target behavior occurred at ANY time during the interval

Question 20

Whole-Interval

Answer 20

record ONLY if the behavior is present during the whole interval

Question 21

Time Sampling

Answer 21

divides observation period into intervals and record if the behavior occurred at the beginning or end of the interval

Question 22

Reactivity

Answer 22

changes in child’s behavior as a result of being observed

Question 23

Observer drift

Answer 23

gradual shirt by observer of his understanding of target behavior being observed and measured

Question 24

The recording procedure

Answer 24

the procedure selected for collecting data-some procedures may provide a more accurate picture than others

Question 25

Location of observation

Answer 25

use natural setting for observations

Question 26

Observer expectations

Answer 26

observer may have preconceived ideas about child, introduces bias into observation

Question 27

Characteristics of Subjects, observers, and settings

Answer 27

issues such as gender of observer/target student, settings, complexity of behavior being observed

Question 28

personal values, and bias

Answer 28

social, cultural, or religious values that affect a care givers perception of child’s behavior

Question 29

How to Improve accuracy of Data Collection

Answer 29

1. Train Observers
2. Use adaption period for both care givers and children
3. Observe unobtrusively
4. use permanent products( video, writing samples)
5. Observe frequency and systematically

Question 30

Data collection aids

Answer 30

1. Pocket counting
2. Empty Jar
3. Masking tape on wrist
4. index card

Question 31

reliability of observations

Answer 31

accuracy of data collected across observers

Question 32

Permanent product recording

Answer 32

evaluate product of student

EX: writing samples, math problems, videos of student

Question 33

Data collection forms

Answer 33

form or prepared sheet that you record data

Question 34

Coding system

Answer 34

list of codes added to data collection form to assist care giver/teacher in recording info in an efficient manner

Question 35

Data Display

Answer 35

1. Line graphs
2. Cumulative Graphs
3. Bar Graphs