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Animal Behaviour > Measuring Behaviour > Flashcards

Measuring Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 steps of thinking before you measure

A
  1. what level of analysis
  2. what species
  3. where to study
  4. when to study
  5. observer effects
  6. anthropomorphism
  7. ethics
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2
Q

Why is level of analysis important

A

it should reflect the questions asked
can focus on small details or higher level patterns
behaviours may be missed if the wrong level is chosen

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3
Q

What are 3 questions when choosing a species

A
  1. are the habituated to humans
  2. what is already known about their behaviour
  3. are the available to the wild or captivity
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4
Q

What are 2 types of design

A
  1. experimental

2. observational

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5
Q

What are pros and cons of observational studies

A

Pros - are ecologically valid

Cons - animals may disappear from view

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6
Q

What is a con of experimental studies

A

animals may not show natural behaviours when in captivity

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7
Q

What are 4 solutions to the problem of when to observe

A
  1. 24 hour recording
  2. record at the same time every day
  3. record at different times every day
  4. record randomly
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8
Q

What is the hawthorne effect

A

a change in behaviour due to the observer

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9
Q

What are 2 solutions to the problem of observer effects

A
  1. hide (may reduce mobility)

2. use a camera trap

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10
Q

What is anthropomorphism

A

giving animals human emotions

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11
Q

What is a solution to anthropomorphism

A

Occam’s razor - use the simplest explanation

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12
Q

What is the best scenario on the decision cube

A

animal suffering - low
importance of research - high
likelihood of benefit - high

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13
Q

What are the 11 steps to measuring behaviour

A
  1. Ask a question
  2. Preliminary observations
  3. Identify behavioural variables
  4. Choose recording methods
  5. Collect and analyse data
  6. Formulate hypotheses
  7. Make predictions
  8. Design test
  9. Run test
  10. Analyse results
  11. Consider alternative explanations
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14
Q

What are the 3 processes to choosing a suitable recording method

A
  1. Choosing categories - make sure they are homogenous, precisely defined and independent of each other
  2. Ethogram - make a catalogue of species specific behaviour patterns. Able to compare and learn about species
  3. Define categories - clear and unambiguous
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15
Q

What are 3 problems with ethograms

A
  1. Unavailable for many species
  2. Some species are too complex e.g chimpanzees
  3. Not all species behave in typical ways
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16
Q

What are the 4 types of measure

A
  1. Latency - time from specified event to behaviour
  2. Frequency - number of occurrences by total observation time
  3. Total duration - total length of time behaviour occurred
  4. Intensity - amplitude of behaviour represented by height
17
Q

What are events and states

A

Events - behaviours of short duration

States - behaviours of long duration

18
Q

What is the behaviour sampling rule

A

Ad libitum - note down what is visible at the time and seems relevant
Focal - continuous observation of one animal
Scan - scan whole group at given time intervals. Record behaviour at given moment
Behaviour - watch whole group. Record each behaviour and individual involved

19
Q

What are the recording rules

A

Continuous - record all behaviours

Time - instantaneous = record behaviour at regular predetermined intervals
One zero

20
Q

What are 2 advantages and disadvantages of time recording rules

A

Advantages - gives a reasonable estimate
Large number of categories can be recorded

Disadvantages - only provides an estimate
Not suitable for sequences of behaviour

21
Q

What is inter-observer reliability

A

2 or more observers obtain similar results when measuring the same thing simultaneously

A ——— (A+D)
22
Q

What is intra-observer reliability

A

Single observer obtains consistent results measuring the same thing at different times

23
Q

Give 3 ethical considerations when working with animals

A
  1. Has to abide by BPS and ASAB guidelines
  2. Has to take place over a short period of time
  3. Has to have limited stress on the animal

Animal Behaviour (13 decks)

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