Measures of Investment Returns Flashcards
What is the simple rate of return?
=total return (assets plus growth) / # yrs
Ignores the time value of money
What is the compound rate of return?
Either time value or uneven cash flow calculator functions
Assumes that growth is reinvested over time
What is the arithmetic mean of returns?
=the sum of each period’s returns / number of periods
Does not assume reinvestment or compounding of returns
What is the geometric mean of returns?
N=# periods
I/Yr= solve
PV= -($invested)
FV=(1 + r1)(1 + r2)…(1 + rn) **If negative return, then (1 - r1) OR total $ amount
What are time weighted returns?
Follows the initial/individual investment through time for total return. Does not account for any subsequent cash flows in or out of that investment.
CF0= -50 (initial investment)
CF1= $4 (dividend)
CF2=$75 (sale of the investment)
I/YR= solve
What are dollar-weighted returns?
Unlike time weighted returns, dollar weighted returns account for subsequent cash flows in and out
CF0= -$50 (initial investment) CF1= -$61 ($4 dividend - purchase of $65 stock) CF2= $150 (sale of two stocks) IRR/YR = solve (x # of periods/yr)
What is the nominal rate of return?
The rate of return for a given period without accounting for inflation
What is the real rate of return?
The rate of return for a given period taking inflation into account.
=[(1 + Rn) / (1 + i) - 1] x 100
Rn = absolute return i = inflation
What is the after-tax inflation-adjusted rate of return?
The reduces the overall rate of return by both inflation and taxes.
Step 1: reduce the real rate of return by the tax bracket. (rnominal x (1 - marg tax rate)
Step 2: replace numerator in real rate of return formula, with tax-adjusted rate
What is APR?
The yearly cost of funds expressed as a percentage. It does not take compounding into effect.
15% APR = 1.25% monthly APR
What is the effective annual rate (EAR)?
The EAR takes into account compounding the APR
EAR = [1 + (i / n)]^n - 1
i = interest
n = # periods
hint: ^n = [shift] X on calculator. Must enter # compounding periods after
What is total return?
Sum of dividends, interests, plus any capital appreciation.
What is the SEC yield?
Represents dividends and interest earned over a 30 day period which the SEC requires mutual funds to report to allow investors to compare funds
What is the holding period return (HPR)?
The total return of an investment for the given period that the investment is owned.
= ending value - beginning value +/- cash flows / beginning value
OR
= [(1 + r1)(1 +r2)…(1+rn)] - 1
What is the Jensen’s alpha?
On formula sheet
Alpha is an absolute value used to measure the actual portfolio performance against its expected performance
\+a = outperformed expectations -a= underperformed expectations