measures

Question 1

What is an outcome?

Answer 1

– A measurable individual, family, or community state, behavior or perception that is measured along a continuum and is responsive to clinical interventions.

Question 2

What is an outcome measure?

Answer 2

– A set of items that are used to create scores that are “intended to quantify a patient’s performance or health status based on standardized evaluation protocols or close ended questions

Question 3

What is an independent variable

Answer 3

what is being changed or manipulated

Question 4

What is a control?

Answer 4

there is no independent variable everything stays the same

Question 5

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 5

what is being measured

Question 6

What type of variable would be in an experimental group

Answer 6

the independent variable

Question 7

Two of the same type of plants are placed in the same spot and given different amounts of water the growth is then tracked what is the independent variable

Answer 7

the water

Question 8

Two of the same type of plants are placed in the same spot and given different amounts of water the growth is then tacked what are the controls

Answer 8

the type of plant, the amount of son etc.

Question 9

Two of the same type of plants are placed in the same spot and given different amounts of water the growth is then tacked what is the dependent variable

Answer 9

the growth of the plant

Question 10

What 3 things are needed for true experimental design?

Answer 10

1. Random assignment
2. 2 groups
   
   • Experimental group
   • Control group
3. Manipulation - Cause &
   Effect with the independent variable

Question 11

What is the process for and experimental design?

Answer 11

1. Randomly assign subjects
2. Test subjects - observed or
   pretested on a dependent measure
3. Experimental variable
   (independent variable) for experimental group
4. Control group – no
   independent variable
5. Retest all subjects

Question 12

What is Quasi Experimental Design

Answer 12

Ethics of randomization

• • No randomization
    1. Control Group
    2. Manipulation

Question 13

Pre-Experimental Design is different from a true experiment because

Answer 13

Missing 2 of the 3 criteria for true

experiment

Question 14

Pre-Experimental Design Outcomes describe

Answer 14

relationships (notcause/effect)

Question 15

Pre-Experimental Commonly consists of:

Answer 15

Case study (X O)
Pretest-posttest design  (OX    O)

Question 16

Survey Designs Measure

Answer 16

characteristics of a population

Describe a population, explore relationships

Question 17

Survey Designs benefits

Answer 17

• Can typically get a large sample
• Gather a lot of information quickly
• Online, email, regular email

Question 18

What is Meta-Analysis

Answer 18

Meta-Analysis A statistical technique in which the results of 2+ studies are mathematically combined to improve the reliability of the results.

Question 19

What is the criteria for choosing studies?

Answer 19

-Studies chosen for inclusion must be sufficiently similar

Question 20

What two things can a meta-analysis be used to identify

Answer 20

1. Common effect
   
   • When the treatment effect (or effect size) is consistent from one study to the next, meta-analysis can be used to identify this
2. Reason for the variation
   When the effect varies from one study to the next, meta-analysis may be used to identify the

Question 21

What are the 4 research Designs?

Answer 21

Designs

• Nonexperiemental
• Pre-experimental
• Quasi-experimental
• Experimental

Question 22

What is Systematic Review

Answer 22

provides a comprehensive review of all relevant studies on a particular clinical or health-related topic/question.
 studies included in systematic reviews may be of varying study designs, but should be studying the same
outcome.
 Is each study included in the review studying the same variables?

Question 23

How is a Systematic Review created

Answer 23

after reviewing and combining all information from designated timeframe and criteria and summarizing findings.

Question 24

In a Systematic reviews what can vary and what must be the same

Answer 24

may be of varying study designs,

but should be studying the same outcome.

Question 25

Qualitative Research is obtained through

Answer 25

Interviews, words, objects, and | observations

Question 26

In Qualitative ResearchKnowledge is interpreted and shaped | through

Answer 26

interaction between those involved in the research process

Question 27

Name 3 types of Qualitative Data

Answer 27

1. In-depth interviews 2. Direct observation 3. Written documents

Question 28

Name the Qualitative Research Designs

Answer 28

Qualitative Research Designs - Phenomenological - Ethnography - Narrative - Grounded Theory - Participatory Action Research - Critical Theory

Question 29

Phenomenology Describe and | interprets

Answer 29

the meaning of a lived experience

Question 30

In Phenomenology research Meaning emerges from

Answer 30

from voices of participants

Question 31

What is Ethnography?

Answer 31

An “outsider” to the cultural scene seeks to obtain an “insider” perspective

Question 32

How is Ethnography is distinguished from other methods

Answer 32

by a quest for naturally occurring events, insider’s viewpoint and values, and cultural patterns.

Question 33

Ethnography Embraces a wide range of approaches to:

Answer 33

- Explore groups and people as they go about their everyday lives - Attempt to understand the underlying patterns of behavior and meanings of a culture - how people view the world. - Look at habitual patterns and ways of life - Observe and creating meaning in social relationships

Question 34

What is the role of the investigator in Ethnography?

Answer 34

- Extended observation, immersion and participation in the culture

Question 35

Ethnography Reveals what?

Answer 35

Reveals complex relationships, patterns, and | theory

Question 36

Ethnography "Unit of analysis” can be

Answer 36

social, historical, cultural, political context of particular individuals or groups of individuals

Question 37

Narrative research Has the elements of

Answer 37

Has the elements of storytelling: - Beginning, - Middle, & - End With a breach and moral element - What is important? - What matters?

Question 38

Three features of narrative form:

Answer 38

``` Three features of narrative form: 1.Event-centered 2.Experience-centered 3.Narratives do not merely refer to past experience but create experiences for their audience. They mean to be provocative. The teller usually has a point (moral tale). ```

Question 39

What is Grounded Theory

Answer 39

“the systematic discovery of theory from the data of social research.”

Question 40

What is the Purpose of Grounded Theory

Answer 40

to evolve a theory or “ground” a theory in the context where the phenomenon occurs

Question 41

Participatory Action Research Create the conditions that will

Answer 41

mobilize their energy, engage their enthusiasm, and generate activity that can be productively applied to the resolution of issues and problems that concern them.”

Question 42

What are 4 elements Participatory Research?

Answer 42

- Action-oriented - Collaborative - Empowering - Grounded in experience

Question 43

Participatory Action Research: 3 steps are

Answer 43

1. Look Gather info; observe 2. Think Explore, analyze 3. Act Plan, implement, evaluate

Question 44

Participatory Action Research: 4 Principles are

Answer 44

- Democracy - Equity - Liberation - Life Enhancement

Question 45

What is another name for Participatory Action Research?

Answer 45

Community-based action research - seeks to engage people directly in formulating solutions to problems they confront in their community and organizational lives.”

Question 46

Critical Theory purposes are?

Answer 46

- Sociopolitical purpose - Seeks to understand human experience as a means to change society - Has an explicit agenda of eliminating power, economic and social inequalities

Question 47

In Critical Theory what is the Role of Researcher is

Answer 47

Use critical theories to understand an experience or issue

Question 48

Critical Theory asks what Types of Questions

Answer 48

Social justice Disparity Access