Measure Sample Questions Flashcards
The most useful “measure of central tendency” for ordinal measurement scale data is:
Median
The ANPVA method for analyzing a gage study is preferred over the Average and Range method because it:
includes interactions between operators and items being measured
Comparison of the natural process range to the tolerance range tells you:
If the process is capable of meeting the specifications
-If the natural process range is narrower than the tolerance range, then the process is capable of meeting specification, albeit might need re-targeting.
Which of the following is true about using Xbar and R chart to control and monitor a process?
Specification limits apply to individual values while control limits apply to subgroup averages
_Specification limits almost always apply to individual values. Control limits are used to compare subgroup averages over time to detect when a process changes.
To be capable, the value of Cpk must be at least 1.00. The answer this question Cpk needs to be determined using the formula:
(spec limit - process average)/ 3* Std
=(0.003-0.0025)/(3*0.0002)
= 0.83
-Less than 1.00 therefore not capable
In businesses that apply the theory of constraints, which element of a process receives immediate attention?
The most problematic
What is one major problem with obtaining information about customer satisfaction from comment cards?
The most pleased and displeased customers are overrepresented
Which distribution is appropriate for a continuous set of data with a fixed lower boundary but no upper boundary?
Lognormal.
A lognormal distribution is appropriate for a continuous set of data with a fixed lower boundary but no upper boundary. In most cases, the lower boundary on a lognormal distribution is zero. These distributions can be tested with a goodness-of-fit test. A Johnson distribution is more appropriate for continuous data that for whatever reason is inappropriate for a normal or exponential distribution. An exponential distribution is appropriate for any set of continuous data, though these distributions are most often used for frequency data. A normal distribution is appropriate for a set of continuous data with neither an upper nor a lower boundary. The normal distribution follows the pattern of the classic bell curve.
What are the three most important characteristics of process metrics?
Reliability, reproducibility, and repeatability
Which pioneer of quality control wrote Quality Is Free?
Philip B. Crosby.
Philip B. Crosby wrote Quality is Free, a book that revolutionized quality management by placing an explicit emphasis on getting processes right the first time. Crosby insisted that businesses are better served by investing more money in quality control on the first run, and thereby avoiding the costs of defective products. W. Edwards Deming is famous for enumerating the seven deadly diseases of the workplace and fourteen points of emphasis for management. Joseph M. Juran stressed the importance of customer satisfaction as a goal of quality control. Armand V. Feigenbaum is known for emphasizing four key actions in the implementation of quality management: establishing standards; creating metrics for conformance to these standards; resolving issues that impede conformance; and planning for continuous improvement.
Which of the following conflict-response strategies would be most appropriate when a group is fragile?
Accommodation
When a group is fragile, the most appropriate conflict response strategy would be accommodation. Accommodation is the temporary sacrifice of personal desires in the name of group consensus. If a group is in danger of falling apart, the best way to handle a conflict may be to temporarily put aside differences in order to make progress in other areas. Collaboration or competition may be too risky for a fragile group, and avoidance of the conflict only jeopardizes the long-term health of the group by failing to resolve the underlying issues.
Which is typically the first category to be identified in SIPOC analysis?
Outputs.
In SIPOC analysis, the first category to be identified is outputs. SIPOC (suppliers, inputs, processes, outputs, and customers) analysis is typically performed during the define stage of DMAIC. Its intention is to identify the most important processes and the relevant stakeholders. At the beginning of SIPOC analysis, it is typical to create a process map or flowchart. Outputs are the first category to be identified, because the identification of outputs facilitates the identification of suppliers, inputs, and customers.
How is takt time calculated?
Available time divided by demand.
Takt time is calculated by dividing total available process time by customer demand. This value, which is also known as target process time, should be posted at each workstation during the process of level loading. The takt time is the maximum amount of time a process can take without slowing down the overall completion of the task.
Which parameter of a statistical distribution relates to the sharpness of its peak?
Kurtosis.
Kurtosis is the parameter of a statistical distribution related to the sharpness of the peak. In a normal distribution, where the points resemble the standard bell curve, the kurtosis value is one. If the peak is sharper, the kurtosis value will be higher than one; if the peak is less severe; the kurtosis value will be less than one. Central tendency is the general trend of the data: in an asymmetrical distribution, the median is roughly equivalent to the central tendency, while in an asymmetrical distribution, the mean is a better marker. Skewness is basically the difference between the mean and the mode of a data set. The mode of the data set is the value that appears most often. Finally, the standard deviation of the data set is the average amount of variation from the mean.
What is the name for the amount of completed product divided by the original amount of product?
Yield.
Yield is the amount of completed product divided by the original amount of product. This is one of the more popular critical-to-quality metrics. The ideal yield is one (or 100%). Scrap rate, meanwhile, is the percentage of materials not ultimately used in products. Throughput yield is the average percentage of completed units with no defects. Rolled throughput yield, finally, is the quality level that can be anticipated after several steps in the process have been completed.
Which method of creating a prioritization matrix is appropriate when time is limited?
Consensus-criteria method.
When time is limited, the consensus-criteria method should be used to create a prioritization matrix. In this method, a group of people is each allotted a hundred points, which they then allocate across a series of criteria according to perceived importance. Prioritization matrices are used to identify those projects that will create the most value improvement over the long term. Also, organizations use participation matrices to identify the projects that will contribute the most to the achievement of the organizational goals. Besides the consensus-criteria method, the other method for creating a prioritization matrix is called the full analytical method. In this method, all of the various options are listed, and the members of the team assign a numerical value to each.
In gauge repeatability and reproducibility analysis, what percentage of total process variation is acceptable?
10% or less
Which type of diagram is used to eliminate unnecessary movement during a process?
Spaghetti diagram
In what order are the process steps presented in a process decision program chart?
Right to left
