Measles, mumps and rubella Flashcards
What causes measles?
RNA morbillivirus
How is measles transmitted?
Via respiratory droplets
What is the presentation of measles?
Rash for 3 days, fever for 1 day + cough and conjunctivitis
Prodrome period: 2-4 days; Koplik’s spots (inside of mouth), rash, high fever, swelling around eyes and photophobia
What is the management of measles?
Refer to GP
Paracetamol/Ibuprofen and fluids
Infection goes on own accord
It measles a notifiable disease?
Yes, GP has to inform goverment on each case
What are the complications with measles?
Bronchopneumonia Acute demyelinating encephalitis Sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis Ear infections - permanent loss of hearing Diarrhoea Vitamin A deficiency and blindness Immunodeficiency Miscarriage, prematurity and low birth weight
What causes mumps?
Paramyxovirus
What does mumps usually affect?
Salivary glands, pancreas, testes and ovary
How is mumps transmitted?
By saliva droplets
What is the presentation of mumps?
Swelling on one side of face (parotitis); bilateral, pain near jaw
Asymptomatic or non-specific symptoms (fever, headache, malaise)
Fever, swelling, dry mouth, discomfort
Infertility and deafness later in life
How is mumps diagnosed?
Clinical or salivary IgM
What is the managment for mumps?
Pain killers, rest and fluid
What are the complications with mumps?
Orchitis Chills, headache, swinging temperature, backache Swollen scrotum, usually unilateral Meningitis or encephalitis Oophoritis Pancreatitis
What is rubella caused by?
Togavirus
What is the presentation of rubella?
Low grade fever, malaise, conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy (swollen glands)
Transitory rash on face and neck
How is rubella transmitted?
Via droplets
When are patients with rubella infectious?
From 1 week before rash to 4 days after rash appears
Diagnosis of rubella?
clinically unreliable
Rubella-specific IgM in saliva
What is the managment of rubella?
Antipyretics (paracetamol and ibuprofen)
Exclude from school
Keep away from pregnant women
What are the complications with rubella?
Thrombocytopenia
Post-infectious encephalitis
Arthrtis and arthralgia (rare)
What is congenital rubella syndrome? (CRS)
Maternal rubella in pregancy: (the baby develops)
- cataracts and other eye diseases
- deafness
- cardiac abnormalities
- microephaly, intelluctual disability
- retardation of intrauterine growth
- inflammation lesions in the brain, liver, bone, and lungs
What is the prognosis of CRS?
Up to 4 weeks before conception: 40%
0-12 weeks: 50%
11-16 weeks: 20%
>16>20: deafness is main outcome
What is the MMR vaccination?
Combined live vaccine given as a baby at 1 month and on starting school at afe 4-5; then immune for the rest of your life
Who else is the MMR vaccine given to?
Rubella seronegative women at child bearing age
Non-immunised adults as health workers
Immigrants arriving at school after immunisation age
Conacts during a measles outbreak
