Measles Lec 1 Flashcards
Measles (rubeola) virus
Virus characteristics
• Paramyxoviridae
• Morbillivirus
• Envelpoed , ssRNA virus
• Has short projections Haemagalutinin & fusion glycoproteins (H & F)
• Human are the only natural host
..... ... infectious disease of ...
• A ... infectious disease one of the ... childhood ...
• Still one of the most prominent causes of disease & death worldwide among .....
• Characterized by .....
Acute highly - children
communicable
five- exanthems
unvaccinated pop
cough, coryza , fever & rash
Virus transmission & immunity
• ... spread
• Any contact with .....
• Virus is sensitive to ..... , remains infective in ... form for hours
• During the .... phase people are infectious (cough at the peak)
• Lifelong...
Airborne
respiratory secretions
light and dryness
droplet
late prodromal
immunity
Pathogenesis
• Virus infects varieties of cells (...،)
• Virus invades the ....., local multiplication. Then the ...&....
• leads to .... & also spreads by lymphatics infecting the .....
• .... cells become infected (necrosis) & targeted by immune ... causing ..
Epith, T&Bcells..most cell types
respiratory epithelium
monocyte & lymphocytes
viremia
Thymus, spleen, L.Ns, liver, skin & lungs
Reticuloendothelial
T-cells - RASH
Pathogenesis
• Virus escape antibody control by ...
• Causes cell ...
• Persistent infection in ...
• Infection of the entire ... can cause ....
• Koplik´s spots & rash appear a few days after .... (represent host .... to the virus)
passing from
cell to cell causing giant cells due to cell fusion
lysis
Human brain cells
respiratory mucosa
croup, broncholities & pneumonia
respiratory symptoms
hypersensitivity
Clinical features
• ..... incubation ( ... in adults than children)
• A prodromal phase coinciding with ....
• Kopliks spots (define ?.....) ... of salt surrounded by a ...for .... also on ...and....
• Rash
• Patients feel most ill around day ...after ther ...
• Rash begins on ... & proceeds down involving ...&... last
• ....... ..... rash (describe ?)
• Lasts around ... days, may .... as it
heals
• ... for resolution of fever and rash
2 weeks
longer
viremia: malaise, fever, anorexia, conjunctivitis, coryza, cough & photophobia (CCC & P)
blue-grey spots with red base on the buccal mucosa opposite to the second molars
grains
red halo
24-48h
conjunctiva and Vagina.
two after the rash
face
palms & soles
Erythematous maculopapular
five
desquamate
7-10
Complications
• Bacterial super infection (....&....)
• Encephalities:
1
2
3 +define
• complication of pregnant ...... (.... are given to babies born to mothers with active disease)
• measles infection is .... it ... the immune response
pneumonia, otitis media
i. Acute encephalitis by direct neuron infection
ii. Post-infectious encephalitis (immune mediated)
iii. SSPE-(sub-acutesclerosingpan-encephalities)is a chronic degenerative neurological condition occurring years after measles due to persistent CNS infection by a defective variant of measles virus
Spontaneous abortion-premature labor
immunoglobulins
immunosuppressive
depresses
Management
• Diagnosed clinically
Lab diagnosis in ... or ....:
• ...: in ...cell lines, growth is ...
• .... : a ..... in measles antibody titer between ... &... specimens
• ... (specific IgM)
• .....of cells in secretion.
• Nerve cells for SSPE shows ...
• PCR
• Supportive therapy & treatment of ...
• Measles vaccine: at.... of age or ... at .... and preschool-live attenuated with a booster
• Can be given earlier to those....
• Immunoglobulins are given within ....who are
...
• .....reduces mortality
• ... drug
Atypical cases - immunocompromised
Virus isolation - renal - slow
Serelogy - fourfold increase
acute & convalescent
ELISA
Immunofluorescent microscopy
V. antigens, genome & Cowdry type A inclusion bodies in Giemsa stained cells
bacterial super-infection
9 month
MMR
12 month
at risk
6 days
at risk of severe or fatal measles
Vitamin Asupplement
No antiviral
Rubella
• .... family
• ... genus
• ... in shape relatively unstable
• An ..... viral infection of children and adults resembling ....
• Can cause fetal .... and birth ...
• .... unlike measles
• Incidence is high in ....
• Was called ... disease (.....) .... disease of children
• ....... provide life long immunity
• Some people may develop rei-nfection but ....
Togaviridae
Rubivirus
Spherical
acute mild exanthematous
mild measles
infection - defects
Moderately contagious
spring 5-9yrs
third (measles & scarlet fever)
exanthematous
Infection & immunization
Asymptomatic
Rubella
Pathogenesis
• Spread by ....
• Patients are infectious when the .... and virus is shed from ....weeks after the ..
respiratory droplets
rash is erupting
10days before to 2
rash appearance
Clinical features of Rubella
• .... days incubation period
• ... rubella is a mild infection and many are subclinical
• Adults may suffer from prodrome of ...
• Symptoms are: ..... (.....)
• ......on face then down
• ...&.... lasts 3-5days
• .... can occur
12-23
Post-natal
malaise, fever & anorexia
lymphadenopathy (cervical & posterior auricular)
Maculopapular rash
Coryza & conjunctivitis
Spleenomegally
Congenital rubella
• The risk to a fetus is highest in the ....of pregnancy and then declines in terms of both .... , although there is still some risk in ....
Congenital rubella
• Early pregnancy:
fetal ....
.... labor and many .... defects
• The younger the fetus the more ....
• Non-immuned mothers are infected in the...., up to 80% of neonates may have ...
first few weeks
frequency and severity
second trimester
death
Premature
congenital
severe damage
first trimester
sequelae
The sequelae of congenital rubella syndrome
• ..... This is the most common sequella.
• Congenital heart defects such as .. and
others
• Neurologic problems (...)
• Deafness
• Ophthalmic problems (.... )
• .... growth ...
• ... , . ..., ... etc
Hearing loss
ductus arteriosis
psychomotor retardation, mental
retardation, microcephaly
cataract, glaucoma, retinopathy, microphthalmia
Intrauterine - retardation
Thrombocytopenic purpura
Bone lesions
pneumonitis
What is (cataracts) CDC
Thickening of the lens of the eye that causes blindness
Virus from congenital infections persists .....
cildren with congenital infections are ... after birth for a ..... Virus found in ....
late complications :
1 2 3 4 5
• ... is indicated
• .... to susceptible pregnant
women
• ... of all women of child bearing age ... pregnancy
after birth
infectious
year or more
naso-pharyngeal secretions, urine and feces.
diabetes mellitus (up to 20%), thyroid dysfunction, growth hormone deficiency, ocular complications.Progressive rubella panencephalitis
No treatment
Immunoglobulin
Vaccination
before
