meanings and reps Flashcards
Mode
physical channels of communications
Intertextuality
a process by which texts borrow from or refer to conventions of other texts for a specific purpose and effects
Pronoun
substitutes for a noun, referring back or fowards to them(eg. she, he)
Preposition
provides connections between words by showing a sence of place.
Conjunction
provides connections between the larger structures phrases, clauses and sentences.
Determiner
word that adds detail to a noun and can indicate the amount or quantity of a noun.
Eg. many, much, more
Possessive determiner
my, yours, his, hers, ours
Proper noun
Refers to names of people or places
Example. James, England
Abstract noun
Refer to states, feelings and concepts that do ot have a physical existence
Example. love, anger
Concrete noun
Refers to objects that have a physical existence
Example. non-countable, not taking form eg, furniture
Material verbs
Show actions or events
Example. hit, jump, wash, build
Relational verbs
Identify properties or show states of being
eg. have, own, consist of, appear
Mental verbs
Show internal processes such as thinking
eg. think, believe, wish
Verbal verbs
Show external processes of communicating through speech.
Example. say, shout, scream, whisps
Adjectives and adverbs
Base
modifies another word
big, interesting, carfully
Adjectives and adverbs
Comparative
A form used to compare two instances either adding ‘er’ or using ‘more’
Example. bigger, read more carefully
Adjectives and adverbs
Superlative
A form used to compare more than two instances, identifying a best example.
Example. the biggest parcel, most interesting game, most carefully he had ever read.
Demonstrative pronouns
pushes the reader towards a person, object, or idea
this, these, that, those
Indefinite pronouns
Refer to a person, object, or idea that is non-specific.
Example. someone, anybody, everything
Article determiners
Show that something is or isn’t definite
Example. the, a/an
Possessive determiner
shows ownership
Example. my, your, her, our
Quantifiers determiner
Show either specific or non-specific quantities of a noun
Example. one, two, some, any, a few
Co-ordinating conjunctions
Link words
Eg. and, but, or, yet
Sub-ordinating conjunctions
Link clauses together
Example. because, although, while
Lexical/ semantic field
a group of words that fufill the same kind of role and function in speech and writing
Collocates
words you typically see together
Example. ‘cosmetic surgery’
Fixed expressions
words that occur together so regularly that they become accepted as one long structure
Eg. ‘at the end of the day’ ‘see you later’
Dysphemism
using a blunt or direct word instead of a more polite or indirect alternative close to taboo
verb phrase
a group of words built around a head verb
pre-modifier
a word that goes before the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it
post- modifier noun
a word that comes after the noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it.
Usually reporting who, what, where, why, how about the noun.
Primary auxiliary verb
an auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show tense.
Example, be, do, have
modal auxiliary verb
an auxiliary verb that joins with a main verb to show the degree of strength towards a commitment.
Eg. Liverpool should beat MC
Liverpool will, might , must
Subordinate clause
The clause cannot stand alone because it would not make sense then.
Example. The dog ran ‘when jack blew the whistle’
Fronted adverbial
An adverb or adverbial at the start of the sentence.
Eg. ‘yesterday’ I went to the park’
Active voice
the subject is in a prominent position and the verb phrase is in the present or past tense.
(what is carrying out the verb, comes first)
Eg. Beast seriously injures baby
Passive voice
agent omitted or placed later in the clause using a prepositional phrase, verb phrase changes to a form of ‘to be’ and participle form ‘en/ed’
(what the verb is happening to comes first)
( the action happens to
Eg. Baby is mauled by fox
audience positioning
assumptions made in a text about its readers background knowledge and understanding, attitudes and values.
