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Meanings and Representations - English > Meanings and Representations > Flashcards

Meanings and Representations Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of semantics

A

Study of meaning

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2
Q

Definition of collocations, and an example

A

Words that typically pair together

Eg: fish and chips

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3
Q

Definition of synonyms

A

A word that has equivalent meaning to another word

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4
Q

Definition of antonyms

A

Words that have opposite meanings

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5
Q

Definition of euphemisms

A

A more socially accepted word to say something

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6
Q

Example of a euphemism

A

Died = passed away

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7
Q

Defintion of Dysphemisms

A

Harsher/blunt way of saying something

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8
Q

What is a declarative?

A

A statement

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9
Q

What is an imperative?

A

An Instruction

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10
Q

What is an interrogative?

A

A question

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11
Q

What’s an exclamatory?

A

An exaggerated statement

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12
Q

Definition of syntax

A

How lexical terms are sequenced into larger units of language

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13
Q

What is a noun phrase?

A

Phrase that is centred around the noun

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14
Q

Example of a concrete noun

A

Table, bed, house etc.

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15
Q

What is synthetic personalisation?

A

The stimulation of private, face to face, person to person discourse in mass media (2nd person, cultural references, television, media)

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16
Q

Who came up with synthetic personalisation?

A

Fairclough (1995)

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17
Q

What makes up a simple sentence? Give an example

A

1 verb
Eg: the cat SAT on the mat

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18
Q

What makes up a compound sentence?

A

2 simple sentences joined together by a connective (and, because)

Eg: that cat sat on the mat and it was hungry

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19
Q

What makes up a complex sentence? Give an example

A

Subordinate clause
Eg: the cat, who had a broken leg, sat on the mat.

20
Q

Definition of pragmatics

A

How language is used in social situations (imply things rather than saying them directly)

21
Q

What is deixis?

A

Words that are context bound, their meaning depends on where they’re being used and who by

22
Q

Give 5 examples of deictic words

A

1) that
2) I
3) here
4) these
5) we

23
Q

Give an example of an acronym

A

LOL

24
Q

Give an example of an initialism

A

OMG, BTW

25
Q

What do you need to include in a PAF paragraph?

A

Purpose - to inform/promote/persuade etc.

Audience - implied/actual

Format - article/advert/book extract etc.

26
Q

Definition of graphology?

A

How something looks

27
Q

Give 8 examples of graphology

A

1) images - pictures/drawings
2) hyperlinks
3) logos
4) titles
5) bullet points
6) white space
7) Background colour
8) underlined/bold text

28
Q

State 3 categories of deictic words

A

1) person (names/personal pronoun)

2) spatial (adverbs - here/there, demonstratives - this/that)

3) temporal deixis (today/ tomorrow/ yesterday)

29
Q

Jargon meaning

A

Formal language used between professionals that others won’t understand

30
Q

State the 5 types of pronouns

A

1) personal
2) possessive
3) reflexive
4) demonstrative
5) relative

31
Q

Examples of personal pronoun

A

I, you, she, they

32
Q

Examples of possessive pronoun

A

My, his, our, their

33
Q

Examples of demonstrative pronoun

A

This, these, that, those

34
Q

State 3 types of nouns

A

1) proper - London/ Paris
2) abstract - pain/happiness
3) concrete - table/chair/bed

35
Q

Definition of an abstract noun

A

Refers to feelings, concepts and emotions that are not physical

36
Q

Definition of a proper noun

A

Refers to names and places

37
Q

Definition of concrete noun

A

Refers to physical objects with physical existence

38
Q

State 3 types of verbs

A

1) material
2) relational
3) mental

39
Q

Definition of material verb

A

Describes actions and events

40
Q

Definition of preposition

A

Shows relation in terms of time and place

Eg: in, at, by,on

41
Q

Definition of conjunction

A

Links words, clauses and phrases together

Eg: and, but, also, because etc.

42
Q

What is mixed mode?

A

Elements of both written and spoken text/features

43
Q

Give 4 examples of mixed modes

A

Text messages

Diary

Tweet

Letter

Poems

Song lyrics

44
Q

What is a semantic field? Give an example

A

Words/phrases that appear throughout a piece of text that all link to one topic

Eg: semantic field of war = blood, guns, battle, enemy, death, violence

45
Q

What is audience positioning?

A

Making assumptions about readers’ background knowledge

Meanings and Representations - English (1 decks)

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