Meanings and Representations Flashcards
What is the Implied Reader?
Who the text is meant to be read by or who the author’s intended reader is
What is the Actual Reader
The person who actually reads the text
Who is the implied writer
The “authorial character” that a reader produces from reading the text. The readers image of the writer
Who is the Actual Writer
The person who actually produces the text
What is a Discourse Community
A group of people with similar interest who are likely to respond to a text in similar ways
Define mode.
Refers to written or spoken words. Includes word choice, delivery and organisation
What is the oppositional view
The oppositional view states that the characteristics and qualities of spoken and written mode are strictly opposites
What are 5 features of written Mode
Objective Monologue Durable Planned Highly Structured Grammatically Complex Concerned with the past or future Formal Decontextualised
What are 5 features of Spoken mode
Interpersonal Dialogue Lasts for a short time (Ephemeral) Spontaneous Loosely Structured Grammatically simple Concerned with the present Informal Contextualised
What are blended modes
where both aspects of speech and writing can be found in a mode, for example tweets and social media because it can have comments creating a discourse
What is Register
A variety of Language that is associated with a particular situation of use
What are situational Characteristics
A key Characteristic of the time, place and contexts in which communication takes place
What is Genre
Different texts fall into different Genres. Different genres have typical characteristics from which we can derive meanings and representations from
What is intertextuality
A process by which texts borrow from or refer to conventions of other texts for a specific purpose or effect
What is the primary purpose
The main and most easily recognisable purpose
What is the secondary purpose
An additional or perhaps more subtle purpose
What is a multi purpose text
A text that clearly has more than one purpose
What is lexis
The term in language studies used to refer to vocabulary
What is a proper noun
A noun which refers to names of people or places
What is an abstract noun
A noun which refers to states, feelings and concepts
What is a concrete noun
A noun which refers to objects that have a physical existence
What is a material verb
A verb showing actions or events
What is a relational verb
A verb identifying properties or showing states of being
What is a mental verb
a verb showing internal processes such as thinking
What is a verbal verb
A verb showing external processes like speech
What is a base adjective
The basic form on an adjective
What is a comparative adjective
A form of adjective used to compare two instances either adding “-er” or using “more”
What is a superlative adjective
A form used to compare more than two instances, identifying a best example
What are personal pronouns
refer to people and are differentiated in terms of person (1st,2nd,3rd)
what are Demonstrative Pronouns
Used when orienting the reader towards something
What are indefinite pronouns
pronouns referring to a person, object or idea that is non specific
What are articles
A form of determiner. Show that something is definite or indefinite
What are possessives
A type of determiner which shows ownership
What are Quantifiers
A type of determiner showing either specific or non specific quantities of a noun
What are co-ordinating conjunctions
link structures together such as phrases and clauses when they’re equal to each other
What are sub-ordinating conjunctions
link clauses together to show one is dependant on the other
What are semantics
the study of meaning in language
what is a semantic field
a group of words that fulfil the same kind of role in speech or function (player, field have a semantic field of sports)
what are collocates
words that typically appear together
what is a fixed expression
collocates which have been used so much together that words become accepted and used as one long structure
what is a synonym
a word that has equivalent meaning to another word
what is a euphemism
a more socially acceptable word or phrase
what is a dysphemism
using a blunt or direct word instead of a more polite or indirect alternative, close to taboo
what is an antonym
words that have opposite meanings
what is a hyponymy
the way of viewing the relationship between more general and specific words
metaphor
a structure that presents one thing in terms of another
what is morphology
the study of word formation
what is syntax
the study of how words form larger structures such as phrases, clauses and sentences
what is a root
a morpheme which can stand on its own and can usually form a word (e.g. apple)
what is a suffix
a morpheme coming after a root word to modify its meaning
what is a prefix
a morpheme coming before a root changing the meaning
what is an affix
a prefix or suffix
what is an internal function
when an affix shows a grammatical category such as a verb phrase or plural noun
what is a derivational function
the way an affix helps to form a new word by attaching itself to a root
what is a head word
the main word in the phrase
what is a pre modifier
a word that goes before a head word to add detail or clarify
what is a qualifier
an additional word of phrase that adds further detail to a noun
what is a post modifier
a word coming after the head noun to add detail or clarify some aspect of it
what is a primary auxiliary verb
a verb which joins with a main verb to show tense
what is a modal auxiliary verb
an auxiliary verb which joins with a main verb to show degree of commitment (e.g. should, must, might)
