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Yoga Philosophy > Meaning, Concept, History > Flashcards

Meaning, Concept, History Flashcards

1
Q

“YUJ”

A

Yoke
To yoke
A yoke

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2
Q

Yukta

A

Yoking spirit to body

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3
Q

Yuj (Katha Upanishad)

A

Controlling mind in worship

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4
Q

Sadhana

A

Discipline of daily practice

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5
Q

Yoga accdg to Patanjali

A

Cessation of the fluctuations of the mind

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6
Q

Vinyasa

A

To place in a special way

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7
Q

Father of Modern Yoga

A

Tirumalai Krishnamacharya

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8
Q

Goals in life

A
  1. Abundance + prosperity
  2. Emotional wellbeing
  3. Sense of purpose via meaningful work
  4. Spiritual enlightenment
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9
Q

5 Kleshas

A
  1. Ignorance to our true nature
  2. False identification with ego
  3. Addiction to pleasurable experiences
  4. Aversion to pain/discomfort/suffering
  5. Mortal fear of death, clinging to life, disinterest in afterlife
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10
Q

What do “roads” represent in the chariot metaphor

A

Objects of desire, memories

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11
Q

Horses

A

Ten senses thru which we relate to external world

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12
Q

Reins

A

Mind (manas)

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13
Q

Charioteer

A

Higher intellect (buddhi)

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14
Q

Passenger

A

True self/Atman

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15
Q

Chariot

A

Physical body, an instrument

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16
Q

Sadhana

A

Spiritual practice

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17
Q

Vedas

A

Knowledge

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18
Q

Whose worldview, spiritual preoccupations, and social attitudes do the Vedic Literature reflect?

A

Brahmans / Priestly class

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19
Q

Collection of hymns and religious texts composed in India in 1500-1000 BCE

A

The Vedas

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20
Q

Rig-veda

A

Knowledge of Hymns+Praise

Largest most impt text

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21
Q

Sama-veda

A

Knowledge of the melodies: for chanting

Has verses from Rig-veda arranged differently

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22
Q

Yajur-veda

A

Knowledge of Sacrificial Formulas: for liturgy

Divided into white and black yajur-veda

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23
Q

Contains explanatory prose how to perform religious rituals and sacrifices

A

Yajur-veda

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24
Q

Atharva-veda

A

Knowledge of magic formulas

Magical incantations, charms of folkloristic quality

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25
Q

Pre vedic religion

A

Animistic or totemic worship of spirits in nature

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26
Q

Indra

A

Storm God
Sky God
God of War
Wields Thunderbolt

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27
Q

Agni

A

God of Fire

Flame lifting sacrifices to heaven

Messenger between living and dead

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28
Q

Most important god in Vedas

A

Agni

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29
Q

Soma

A

Sacred soma plant with holy intoxicating juice

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30
Q

Most ethical and ideal god associated with heaven

A

Varuna

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31
Q

Rita

A

Law of right

Cosmic moral rhythm

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32
Q

Purusha

A

Primordial deity whose limbs and body parts were sacrificed to create the world and humans in the varnas

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33
Q

Brahmanas

A

Literature that priestly class created describing how to specifically perform rituals

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34
Q

People against traditional vedic order and are in pursuit of spiritual progress

A

Upanishads

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35
Q

Meaning of Upanishads

A

Sitting down near

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36
Q

What religions originated from the World Renunciation Movement?

A

Jainism
Buddhisim
Harvaka
Indian religions considered “heretic” by traditional priestly class

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37
Q

World Renunciation Movement shifted focus of religious life from external rites and sacrifices to:

A

Internal spiritual quests

Search for answers

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38
Q

A collection of texts philosophical + religious in nature that represent not doctrine but experiences, opinions, lessons of many people

A

The Upanishads

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39
Q

How many of the 200 surviving Upanishadic texts are considered important?

A

14

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40
Q

True or False: Upanishads are instruction, NOT inspiration

A

False

41
Q

Samsara

A

Reincarnation

42
Q

Karma

A

Action

Actions have consequences, good or bad

43
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation
Release
Permanent peace from eternal cycle

44
Q

Atman

A

True self

Core of all

Innermost substance

45
Q

Brahman

A

One underlying substance of universe

Unchanging absolute being

46
Q

Atman is the same substance as:

A

Brahman

47
Q

Happens when Atman reunites with Brahman

A

Moksha

48
Q

How is moksha achieved

A

Meditation
Introspection
Knowledge that behind all forms and veils all are one
Identification with Brahman

49
Q

4 Basic Principles of the Upanishads (samsara, karma, dharma, moksha) are shared by which religions

A

Most Indian religions including
Hinduism
Buddhism
Jainism

50
Q

True or False: the Upanishads’ message attempts to be universal.

A

True

51
Q

True or False: the Varnas are the same as the Caste System

A

False

52
Q

Varnas

A

Four Fold Order of Society

53
Q

What are the Four Fours?

A

Varnas (order of society)
Ashramas (stages of life)
Purusharthas (aims in life)
Principles of life

54
Q

Role of Brahmins

A

Priests
Teachers
Medicine

55
Q

Duties of Sudras

A

Follow orders

56
Q

Qualities of Kshatriyas

A 
Courage
Strength
Firmness
Skillfulness
Charitableness
Leadership/Administrative
57
Q

Role of Vaishyas

A

Deal in agriculture, trade, commerce

58
Q

What is the Varnas system based on

A

Skill and ability

59
Q

Role of Kshatriyas

A 
Warriors
Leaders
Fighting
Ruling 
Administration
60
Q

Qualities of Vaishyas

A

Hard working
Intelligence
Quick decision making

61
Q

Whose role is to protect and govern people?

A

Kshatriyas

62
Q

Which class has “no abilities and aptitudes”?

A

Sudras

63
Q

Duties of Brahmins

A

Offer prayers
Perform ceremonies
Sacrifices
Teaching

64
Q

Role of Sudras

A

“Unskilled” work under direction of other groups

65
Q 
Which class’ duties are the ff: 
to engage in agriculture
Buy and sell commodities
Rear cattle 
Help poor and needy
A

Vaishyas

66
Q

Which class is not permitted to read the Vedas or observe Vedic rites?

A

Sudras

67
Q

Define Ashramas

A

Four Stages of Life

68
Q

In which stage in life are you supposed to become detached, fearless, and preach importance of self realization?

A

Sanyasa Ashram (Renunciation)

69
Q

What life stage is Bramacharya Ashram

A

Student Stage

70
Q

Which life stage requires qualities of purity of heart, fidelity, and chastity?

A

Garhashtya Ashram (Householder Stage)

71
Q

Vanaprastha Ashram

A

Retirement Stage

72
Q

Which ashram is the householder stage

A

Garahasthya Ashram

73
Q

What is moha

A

Attachment

74
Q

In Vanaprastha Ashram what replaces biological urges as they decline?

A

Deeper interest in human welfare

75
Q

Which ashram requires the quality of simplicity and hard work?

A

Bramacharya

76
Q

4 vows one must take in student stage

A

Sexual purity
Simplicity in food and clothing
Respect and obedience to teacher
Initiative in learning and prayer

77
Q

In what stage do your duties include to make money and enjoy sensual pleasure

A

Garhasthya Ashra / Householder Stage

78
Q

When or which stage do you go on pilgrimage

A

Vanaprastha Ashram / Retirement

79
Q

Renunciation Stage

A

Sanyasa Ashram

80
Q

Four Purusharthas in English

A

Four Aims in Life

81
Q

Which purushartha asks “why am I here?”

A

Dharma

82
Q

Material support Purushartha

A

Artha

83
Q

Emotional need. Asks “What do I want?”

A

Kama

84
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation from suffering

Awakening to real nature

85
Q

Final yogic attainment

A

Moksha

86
Q

When combined, these become tools to attain Four Aims / Purusharthas

A

Four Principles in Life

87
Q

Define manas

A

Mind

88
Q

Vairagya:

A

Non attachment

89
Q

Right understanding

A

Viveka

90
Q

Buddhi:

A

Intellect

91
Q

Spontaneous expression of our wisdom

A

Viveka / right understanding

92
Q

Stability in which principle allows you to transcend vrittis (archetypes of personality)

A

Vairagya

93
Q

These three should function in harmony for you to attain Shuddhata/Virtue

A

Manas (Mind)
Vacha (Speech)
Buddhi (Intellect)

94
Q

Mumukshutva:

A

Desire for perfection

95
Q

Viveka leads to:

A

Vairagya

96
Q

Which principle leads to shuddhata

A

Vairagya

97
Q

What are you detaching from in Vairagya?

A

Objects
Experiences
Situations
That give us pleasure or satisfaction

98
Q

True or False: Wisdom is not knowledge

A

True

Yoga Philosophy (2 decks)

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