Meaning

Question 1

は

Answer 1

Wa
Subject (general)

Indicates the main topic of a sentence.
It is similar to starting a sentence with as for… or speaking of…

Watashi wa gakusei desu
I’m a student
Literally: As for me, I’m a student

Question 2

が

Answer 2

ga
Subject
(emphasis, questions)

identifies new information for the listener

Ame go furimashita-It rained

emphasizes the subject

Watashi ga ikimasu - I am the one who goes.

indicates existence; often used with あります
and います

Hon go arimasu - There is a book.

used in asking and answering questions

Dare go kimosuko-Whois coming?

Question 3

か

Answer 3

Ka
Question

Placing か at the end of a polite sentence will turn it into a question. When using casual Japanese, you would usually omit か. In this case you should use the question mark.

Tanaka san wa nihonjin desu ka.

Is Mr. Tanaka Japanese?

Question 4

の

Answer 4

no

Belonging, ‘s, possessive

Specifies the owner of an item or the modifier of an item

Question 5

も

Answer 5

mo
As well

も means also or too.

Uchi ni wa neko ga imasu. Inu mo imasu.
We have a cat in our home. We also have a dog.

Question 6

を

Answer 6

o/wo
Direct object

marks the direct object of a sentence. It comes right after the direct object, followed by a verb at the end.

Watashi wa hon о yomimasu
I read books

Question 7

に

Answer 7

ni

Movement
To, at (general)

Nihon ni ikimasu.
I will go to Japan.

Eiga o mi ni ikimashita.
I went to see a movie.

Gakkou ni imasu.
I’m at/in school.

Question 8

で

Answer 8

de
Movement
At place, by way of

Indicates the location of an action

Toukyou de benkyou shiteimasu.
(I) study in Tokyo.

Indicates the means used for an action. This includes tools, transportation, languages, materials etc.

Hashi de tabemasu.
(I) eat with chopsticks.

Question 9

へ

Answer 9

e/he
Movement:
Toward, to (poetic)

When used a particle, へ (he) is pronounced e.
It indicates the destination of a movement and can be translated as to or towards.

Nihon e yokoso!
Welcome to Japan!

Question 10

と

Answer 10

to

And, with (specific list)
Specifies listed items or the co-agent of the action

Question 11

や

Answer 11

уа
And (general list)

Question 12

から

Answer 12

kara
From

Question 13

まで

Answer 13

made
To, until

Question 14

ね

Answer 14

ne
Right?

Indicates emphasis, agreement, request for confirmation.
It’s equivalent to “right” or “isn’t it?”

Kyou wa atsui desu ne.
It’s hot today, isn’t it?

Question 15

よ

Answer 15

yo
You know?

It’s used to emphasize new information, or to stress an order, prohibition or invitation. よ is not usually translated, but it’s similar to you know, or I tell you.

Oishii desu yo.
I tell you, it’s delicious.