ME1 - Widening of the conflict into Lebanon(1982-83), including the role of the PLO Flashcards

1
Q

What happened on 2 June 1982?

A

3 Palestinians attempted to assassinate the Israeli Ambassador in London

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2
Q

What did Israel do in retaliation to what happened on 2 June 1982?

A

Israel invaded Lebanon by claiming that their aim was to stop further attacks by destroying PLO bases and establishing a buffer zone

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3
Q

How long was the buffer zone in South Lebanon?

A

45 km

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4
Q

What was Operation Peace for Galilee?

A
  • plan to invade Lebanon
  • 70,000 troops
  • 800 tanks
  • 350 fighter jets
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5
Q

What were the effects of Operation Peace for Galilee?

A
  • 300,000 Lebanese lost their homes
  • 12,000 deaths
  • 40,000 wounded
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6
Q

How did the IDF evict the PLO from Lebanon?

A
  • Israeli forces surrounded the Lebanese capital (Beirut)
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7
Q

Why did Israel want to evict the PLO from Lebanon?

A

to install Bachir Gemayel as the leader who is pro-Israeli

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8
Q

What happened in late August 1982?

A

a multinational force from the USA, Italy and France supervised the evacuation of 11,500 Palestinian fighters from Beirut by ship including Yasser Arafat to Tunisia

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9
Q

Where was the PLO’s headquarters now?

A

Tunis (2400km away from Beirut)

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10
Q

How many PLO terrorists did Ariel Sharon say still remained in the refugee camps?

A

2000

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11
Q

What was the Sabra and Shatila massacre?

A
  • right-wing Christian Phalange militia stormed the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps in West Beruit
  • 3,500 civilians were murdered
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12
Q

Why did the Christian Phalange militia storm the refugee camps?

A

The group was angry that their newly elected Lebanese president (Bachir Gemayel) had been assassinated

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13
Q

Farms and towns in Galilee were now free from ___ raids and ________

A
  • PLO

- missiles

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14
Q

What were the results of Israel’s invasion of Lebanon? (publicity)

A
  • damaged Israel’s reputation
  • due to Israel’s methods (brutal)
  • white phosphorus shells had been used
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15
Q

What was the reaction of moderate Israelis to the Shatila and Sabra massacre?

A
  • they turned against the war

- protests including more than 300,000 people

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16
Q

Why did Ariel Sharon have to resign?

A
  • he was directly responsible for the Shatila and Sabra massacres
17
Q

What did the Lebanese invasion create? (enemy)

A
  • Hezbollah group in Lebanon was created

- funded by Iran

18
Q

What was Hezbollah’s aim?

A
  • to force Israel to leave Lebanon

- after 1985, it continued to wage a guerilla war against Israel