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Test 2 > MDA > Flashcards

MDA Flashcards

1
Q

carp/o

A

wrist bones

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2
Q

cis/o

A

cut

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3
Q

cost/o

A

rib

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4
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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5
Q

dactyl/o

A

fingers, toes

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6
Q

duct/o

A

lead, carry

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7
Q

flex/o

A

bend

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8
Q

furc/o

A

branching

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9
Q

gloss/o

A

tongue

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10
Q

immun/o

A

protection

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11
Q

mort/o

A

death

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12
Q

nat/i

A

birth

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13
Q

norm/o

A

rule, order

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14
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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15
Q

pub/o

A

pubis

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16
Q

seps/o

A

infection

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17
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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18
Q

son/o

A

sound

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19
Q

tens/o

A

force, strain, stretch

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20
Q

the/o

A

put, place

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21
Q

top/o

A

place, position, location

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22
Q

tox/o

A

poison

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23
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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24
Q

supra-

A

above, upper

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25
Q

syn-
sym-

A

together, with

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26
Q

tachy-

A

fast
e.g. tachypnea, rapid breathing

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27
Q

eu-

A

good, normal
e.g. euphoria, euthyroid (normal thyroid function)

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28
Q

hemi-

A

half

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29
Q

ex-

A

outside

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30
Q

in-

A

not
e.g. insomniac

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31
Q

infra-

A

beneath, under

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32
Q

mal-

A

bad

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33
Q

meta-

A

change, beyond
e.g. metacarpal, metastasis

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34
Q

neo-

A

new
e.g. neoplasm

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35
Q

pan-

A

all
e.g. pancytopenia (deficiency of erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes

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36
Q

para-

A

abnormal, beside, near
e.g. paralysis, parathyroid gland

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37
Q

per-

A

through
e.g. percutaneous

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38
Q

pro-
pros-

A

before, forward
e.g. prodromal, prolapse (lapse: slide, sag, fall)

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39
Q

a-
an-

A

no, not, without
e.g. apnea, anoxia

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40
Q

ab-

A

away from
e.g. abductor

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41
Q

ad-

A

toward
e.g. adductor

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42
Q

ana-

A

up, again, apart

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43
Q

ante-

A

before, forward
e.g. anteflexion

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44
Q

brady-

A

slow
e.g. bradycardia (pulse of less than 60. Tachycardia: more than 100

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45
Q

con-

A

with, together
e.g. congenital, connective

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46
Q

contra-

A

against, opposite
e.g. contraindication, contralateral

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47
Q

de-

A

down, lack of
e.g. dehydration

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48
Q

dia-

A

through, complete
e.g. diameter, dialysis (lysis:separation. waste materials are separated from the blood via a machine)

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49
Q

dys-

A

abnormal, difficult, painful
e.g. dyspnea, dysentery, dystrophy, dysplasia

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50
Q

ec-

A

out, outside

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51
Q

endo-

A

in, within
e.g. endocardium, endoscope

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52
Q

-crine

A

secrete

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53
Q

-drome

A

run

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54
Q

-iasis
-osis

A

disease

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55
Q

-fusion

A

come together, to pour

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56
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown, destrcution, separation

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57
Q

-gen

A

substance that produces

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58
Q

-lapse

A

slide, fall, sag

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59
Q

-meter

A

measure

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60
Q

-mission

A

send

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61
Q

-or

A

one who

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62
Q

-partum

A

birth, labor

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63
Q

-phoria

A

bear, carry, feeling

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64
Q

-physis

A

grow

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65
Q

-plasia

A

formation, development

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66
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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67
Q

-ptom

A

happening, occurance

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68
Q

-stasis

A

stopping, controlling

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69
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums
e.g. gingivitis

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70
Q

gloss/o
lingu/o

A

tongue

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71
Q

Ile/o

A

ileum
e.g. ileitis, ileostomy, ileocecal sphincter

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72
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

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73
Q

labi/o

A

lips

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74
Q

mandibul/o

A

lower jaw, mandible
e.g. submandibular

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75
Q

odont/o

A

tooth
e.g. orthodontist, periodontist, endodontist

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76
Q

or/o

A

mouth

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77
Q

palat/o

A

palate (roof of mouth)

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78
Q

peritone/o

A

peritoneum
e.g. peritonitis

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79
Q

an/o

A

anus

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80
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek
e.g. buccal mucosa

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81
Q

cec/o

A

cecum (a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines.)
e.g. cecal

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82
Q

celi/o

A

belly, abdomen
e.g. celiac

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83
Q

cheil/o

A

lip
e.g. cheilosis

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84
Q

chol/e
bil/i

A

gall, bile

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85
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder
e.g. cholecystectomy

chol/e: gall, bile

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86
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct
e.g. choledochotomy

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87
Q

dent/i
odont/o

A

tooth

88
Q

enter/o

A

intestines, usually small intestine
e.g. enterocolitis

89
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum
e.g. proctologist

90
Q

pylor/o

A

pyloric sphincter
e.g. pyloroplasty

91
Q

rect/o

A

rectum
e.g. rectocele

92
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland
e.g. sialadenitis

93
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon
e.g. sigmoidoscopy

94
Q

stomat/o

A

mouth
e.g. stomatitis

95
Q

uvul/o

A

uvula
e.g. uvulectomy

96
Q

amyl/o

A

starch
e.g. amylase

97
Q

bil/i

A

gall, bile
e.g. biliary

98
Q

ilirubin/o

A

bilirubin (bile pigment)
e.g. hyperbilirubinemia

99
Q

chol/e

A

gall, bile
e.g. cholelithiasis

100
Q

chlorhydr/o

A

hydrochloric acid
e.g. achlorhydria

101
Q

lith/o

A

stone
e.g. lithogenesis

102
Q

py/o

A

pus
e.g. pyorrhea

103
Q

sial/o

A

saliva, salivary
e.g. sialolith

104
Q

steat/o

A

fat
e.g. steatorrhea

105
Q

-ase

A

enzyme
e.g. lipase

106
Q

-chezia

A

defecation, elimination of wastes
e.g. hematochezia (blood in feces)

107
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition
e.g. choledocholithiasis

108
Q

-prandial

A

meal
e.g. postprandial

109
Q

-ectasis
-ectasia

A

dilation, widening
e.g. caliectasis (calyx)

110
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting
e.g. hematemesis

111
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion
e.g. dyspepsia

112
Q

-phagia

A

-eating, swallowing
e.g. polyphagia (excessive appetite and uncontrolled eating), dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

113
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair
e.g. abdominoplasty

114
Q

-ptysis

A

spitting
e.g. hemoptysis

115
Q

-rrhage
-rrhagia

A

bursting forth (of blood)
e.g. hemorrhage (loss of a large amount of blood in short period), gastrorrhagia

116
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture (stitches)
e.g.herniorrhaphy (aka hernioplasty) repair of a hernia

117
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing, tightening
e.g. meatal stenosis (narrowing of the opening of urethra to the outside of the body)

118
Q

-tresia

A

opening
e.g. atresia (absence of a normal opening)

119
Q

ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

120
Q

borborygmi
borborygmus

A

Rumbling or gurgling noises produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the gastrointestinal tract.

121
Q

dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

122
Q

eructation

A

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth. Belching, burping.

123
Q

flatus

A

Gas expelled through the anus

124
Q

hematochezia

A

Passage of fresh, bright blood from the rectum

125
Q

melena

A

Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood

126
Q

steatorrhea

A

Fat in the feces

127
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

128
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay, dental plaque.

129
Q

herpetic stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus.

130
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

White plaques of patches on the mucosa of the mouth.

131
Q

periodontal disease

A

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone.

132
Q

achalasia

A

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax.

133
Q

esophageal cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the esophagus.

134
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

135
Q

gastric cancer

A

Malignant tumor of the stomach.

136
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach.

137
Q

peptic ulcer

A

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum.

138
Q

anal fistula

A

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

139
Q

colonic polyps

A

Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

140
Q

colorectal cancer

A

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

141
Q

Crohn disease

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

142
Q

diverticulosis

A

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

143
Q

dysentery

A

Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

144
Q

hemorrhoids

A

Swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

145
Q

ileus

A

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.

146
Q

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

A

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine.

147
Q

intussusception

A

A segment of the bowel collapses into the opening of another segment.

148
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines.

149
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers.

150
Q

volvulus

A

Twisting of the intestine on itself

151
Q

cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones in the gallbladder

152
Q

cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

153
Q

hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

A

Liver cancer

154
Q

pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of the pancreas

155
Q

Viral hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

156
Q

Amino acids

A

Small building blocks of proteins

157
Q

Appendix

A

Blind pouch hanging from the cecum

158
Q

Bile

A

Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in gallbladder. Emulsifies large fat gobules.

159
Q

Bilirubin

A

Pigment released by the liver in bile

160
Q

Cecum

A

First part of the large intestine

161
Q

Colon

A

Portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid segments

162
Q

Common bile duct

A

Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.

163
Q

Dentin

A

Primary material found in teeth. Covered by the enamel in the crown and protective layer of cementum in the root

164
Q

Duodenum

A

First part of the small intestine. 12 inch long

165
Q

Emulsification

A

Breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules. Increases the surface area that enzymes can use to digest fat

166
Q

Enamel

A

Hard, outermost layer of a tooth

167
Q

Esophagus

A

Tube connecting the throat to the stomach. Eso-: inward, phag/o: swallowing

168
Q

Fatty acids

A

Substances produced when fats are digested

169
Q

Gallbladder

A

Small sac under the liver. Stores bile.

170
Q

Ileum

A

Third part of the small intestine.

171
Q

Incisor

A

Any one of four front teeth

172
Q

Insulin

A

Produced by pancreas. Helps transport sugar into body cells.

173
Q

Jejunum

A

Second part of the small intestine.

174
Q

Lipase

A

Pancreatic enzyme to digest fats

175
Q

Liver

A

Secrets bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins, destroys worn out red blood cells; filters out toxins.

176
Q

LES; lower esophageal sphincter

A

Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach.

177
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing

178
Q

Palate

A

Roof of the mouth. The hard palate lies anterior to the soft palate. Supported by the upper jawbone. Soft palate lies between mouth and throat.

179
Q

Papillae

A

Small projections on the tongue. Taste buds.

180
Q

Parotid gland

A

Salivary gland within the cheek, anterior to the ear. par-: near, ot/o: ear

181
Q

Peristalsis

A

Rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs. Moves the contents through

182
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat. Common passageway for food and air.

183
Q

Portal vein

A

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines.

184
Q

Protease

A

Enzyme that digest protein

185
Q

Pulp

A

Soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels.

186
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum. Pyloros: gatekeeper

187
Q

Pylorus

A

Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum.

188
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

189
Q

Salivary glands

A

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands.

190
Q

Sigmoid colon

A

Lower S-shaped segment of colon, just before the rectum; empties into the rectum

191
Q

Sphincter

A

Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening.

192
Q

Uvula

A

Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate.

193
Q

ante cibum

A

before meals
v.s. post cibum

194
Q

bifurcation

A

The division of something into two branches or parts.

195
Q

congenital

A

Present from birth.

196
Q

contraindication

A

Anything (including a symptom or medical condition) that is a reason for a person to not receive a particular treatment or procedure because it may be harmful.
e.g. sensitivity or allergy to medication, pregnancy, lactation, renal disease, hepatic disease.

197
Q

contralateral

A

Relating to the side of the body opposite to that on which a particular structure or condition occurs.

198
Q

dialysis

A

A type of treatment that helps your body remove extra fluid and waste products from your blood when the kidneys are not able to.

199
Q

dysentery

A

An infection of the intestines that causes diarrhea containing blood or mucus.

200
Q

dysplasia

A

The abnormal growth or development of a tissue or organ.

201
Q

dystrophy

A

A disorder in which an organ or tissue of the body wastes away.

202
Q

exophthalmos

A

The protrusion of one or both eyes anteriorly out of the orbit due to an increase in orbital contents within the rigid bony orbit.

203
Q

infracostal

A

Under the ribs

204
Q

intravenous

A

Existing or taking place within, or administered into, a vein or veins.

205
Q

malaise

A

A general feeling of discomfort, illness, or uneasiness whose exact cause is difficult to identify.

206
Q

pancytopenia

A

A condition in which a person’s body has too few red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

207
Q

percutaneous

A

Made, done, or effected through the skin.

208
Q

polymorphonuclear

A

A type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that are released during infections, allergic reactions, and asthma.

209
Q

postmortem

A

After death.

210
Q

prodrome

A

An early symptom indicating the onset of a disease or illness.

211
Q

prolapse

A

When the muscles and ligaments supporting a woman’s pelvic organs weaken, the pelvic organs can drop lower in the pelvis, creating a bulge in the vagina

212
Q

recombinant DNA

A

DNA that has been formed artificially by combining constituents from different organisms.

213
Q

remission

A

A diminution of the seriousness or intensity of disease or pain; a temporary recovery.

214
Q

symbiosis

A

Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both.

215
Q

symphysis

A

The process of growing together.

216
Q

transurethral

A

(of a medical procedure) performed via the urethra.

Test 2 (2 decks)

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