Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Reproductive System > MD2001 > Flashcards

MD2001 Flashcards

1
Q

Oestradiol

A

Oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the FSH and LH produced

A

Anterior Pituitary Glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 places in the hypothalamus that is responsible for ovarian control

A

Preoptic nucleus

Supraoptic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

GnRH (6 features)

A

Produced in both males and females in the hypothalamus
Released as prohormone
Modified to active form
Secreted to hypophyseal portal system
Pulsatile
Delivered via hypophyseal portal circulation to anterior pituitary gonadotrobes via veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benefits of pulsatile hormones (3 features)

A

Low energy
Does not desensitise tissue receptors
Stress and other substances could influence the secretion of it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of ovaries (2)

A

Houses oocytes

Contains follicles in various stages of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Stages of development of oocytes

A 
Premordial
Primary (has no theca cells; has granulose cells)
Secondary
Tertiary
Graafin follicles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Theca cells (4)

A

Superficial layer
Has LH receptors
Changes cholesterol into pregnenolone
Produces androstenedione and testosterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Granulosa cells

A

Deep layer
Layer increases in size during evelopment
Has LH and FSH receptors
Conert cholesterol into pregnenolone and activate aromatsa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Theca cells form testosterone and andestenodione
Donates them to granulose cells
FSH activate aromatase
Binds with androstenedione to form oestrogen

A

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Types of oestrogen

A

Oestradiol
Oestrone
Oestriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of oestrogen on bones

A

Increases bone growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oestrogen on endocrine system

A

Increase progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Oestrogen on liver

A

Increases clotting factor
Increases HDL
Increases steroid binding proteins
Decreases LDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oestrogen on reproductive organs

A

Increases uterine growth
Increases vaginal and Fallopian tube growth
Increases breast growth
Increases cervical mucus
Increases LH receptors on granulose cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secretion regulation of oestrogen

A
  1. Mid shift from negative to positive feedback, caused by changes of receptors (GnRH in anterior pituitary when oestrogen level is high)
    2, Results in LH and FSH production before ovulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Progestins

A

Progesterones
Produced in theca cells and granulose cells
Short half life (5 mins)
Regulation is linked to oestrogen
Develop materials to make milk but inhibit the production of milk

18
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

Ovarian cycle + endometrial cycle

19
Q

Ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase

Luteal phase

20
Q

Follicular phase

A

Due to the mature of Graafin follicles/secondary oocytes

21
Q

Luteal phase

A

Dominated by corpus luteum
- Synthesise/secrete oestrogen and progesterone for implantation/maintenance of fertilised eggs
Corpus luteum regress and degenerates 10-12 days if no fertilisation

22
Q

Endometrial cycle

A

Proliferative phase
Secretory phase
Menstruation

23
Q

Proliferative phase

A

Endometrial growth due to increase of oestrogen
Blood vessel and gland growth occurs
Ovulation = end of phase

24
Q

Secretory phase

A

Maturation but no growth of endometrium due to low level of oestrogen
Mucus glands fully develop
Glands and blood vessels increases surface area

25
Q

Menstruation

A

If no conception, endometrial lining replaced

  • Vasoconstriction of spiral arteries
  • Local ischaemic injury
  • Inflammatory cell infiltration
26
Q

Lactation

A

Milk production and secretion

27
Q

Mammary glands

A

Breast tissue prepared during puberty via female gonadal hormones

28
Q

Development in pregnancy

A 
Oestrogen
Progestins
- Prepares breast for milk production, but no milk is produced
HcG from foetus
Prolactin for milk production
29
Q

Oxytocin

A

Let down milk

30
Q

Follicular phase and luteal phase split by ovulation

A

-

31
Q

Corpus luteum

A

What oocytes leave behind after ovulated
Stimulates production of hormones
Degenerates if fertilisation does not occur

32
Q

Lydia cells

A

Produces testosterone

33
Q

Testis

A

Contains:
Leydig cells
Blood vessels
Seminiferous tubules (produces sperm and house Sertoli cells)

34
Q

Spermatogenesis

A 
Spermatogonia
Primary spermatocytes
Secondary spermatocytes
Spermatids
Spermatozoa
35
Q

Testosterone

A

Regulates spermatogenesis
Increase bone growth
Increases muscle and connective tissue
Increases size of testes, prostate, seminal vesicles and penis
Increase facial, axillary and pubic hair
Increases size of larynx
Increases sebaceous gland size and secretion

36
Q

Testosterone secretion regulattyion

A

Pathway similar to ovaries except:

  • Only 1 primary hormone (progesterone) vs. 2 primary hormone (oestrogen & progestins)
  • No roles of acting established
37
Q

Progestin

A
  • Aids in conversion of endometrial cycling from proliferative to secretory phase
  • Responsible for increase of body temperature in luteal phase of ovarian cycle
38
Q

Negative feedback anterior pituitary in females

A

Oestrogen, progestins and inhibins

39
Q

Positive feedback anterior pituitary in females

A

Activins

40
Q

Negative feedback anterior pituitary in males

A

Testosterone and inhibins B

41
Q

Negative feedback hypothalamus in males

A

Testosterone

42
Q

Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone

A 
Embryonic development of male genitals
Accessory organs
Growth of genitals; hairs
Spermatogenesis
Anabolic effects of musculoskeletal system

Reproductive System (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions