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OCR(B) Chemistry > MD From older spec > Flashcards

MD From older spec Flashcards

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1
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert benzene to sulfonic acid

A

conc. Sulfuric Acid

Reflux

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2
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert benzene to bromobenzene

A

Liquid Bromine
FeBr3 catalyst
Room Temperature

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3
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert benzene to cyclohexane

A

(Hydrogenation)
Hydrogen gas, 30 atm
Finely divided Nickel powder
300 Celcius

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4
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert benzene to acylbenzene

A

(Friedel-Crafts Acylation)
Either Acyl chloride or acid anhydride
Reflux
AlCl3 catalyst

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5
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert benzene to alkylbenzene

A

(Friedel-Crafts Alkylation)
chloroalkane
Reflux
AlCl3 catalyst

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6
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert benzene to nitrobenzene

A

conc. Nitric acid
conc. Sulfuric acid
For monosubstitution, keep below 55 Celcius

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7
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert benzene to chlorobenzene

A

Chlorine gas
AlCl3 catalyst (Anhydrous, ie, no water present)
Room temperature

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8
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert a primary alcohol to bromoalkane

A

HBr
(NaBr + c. sulphuric acid)
reflux

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9
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert a primary alcohol to chloroalkane

A

conc. HCl

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10
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert a primary alcohol to an alkene

A 
Solid aluminium oxide
300 degrees
OR 
c. sulphuric acid
reflux
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11
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert a primary alcohol to an aldehyde

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

Distillation

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12
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid

A

Acidified potassium dichromate

reflux

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13
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert an aldehyde to a primary alcohol

A

NaBH4

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14
Q

Both sets of reagents and conditions to convert a primary alcohol to an ester

A

1: Acyl chloride OR acid anhydride
anhydrous conditions

OR

2: Carboxylic acid
c. Conc sulphuric acid catalyst
reflux

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15
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid

A

Cr2O72-/H+ (aq)
reflux
OR
Heat with Fehling’s solution

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16
Q

Reagents and conditions to convert an aldehyde to a cyanohydrin

A

HCN

alkaline conditions

17
Q

Reagent to convert a carboxylic acid to a carboxylate ion

A

NaOH(aq)

18
Q

Reagent for converting a carboxylate ion into a carboxylic acid

A

HCl(aq)

19
Q

Reagent and catalyst used for converting a carboxylic acid into an ester

A

An alcohol and concentrated H2SO4 as a catalyst

20
Q

Reagents for the conversion of a ketone into a cyanohydrin

A

HCN

+alkali

21
Q

Reagents for the conversion of a ketone into a secondary alcohol

A

NaBH4

22
Q

Conditions and reagents for hydrolysing an ester into a carboxylic acid

A

Reflux with aqueous avid or alkali

Using alkali gives the salt of carboxylic acid

23
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an acid anhydride into an ester

A

An alcohol, anhydrous conditions, reflux

24
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an acyl chloride into an ester

A

An alcohol, room temperature

25
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an acyl chloride into a primary amide

A

Concentrated NH3(aq), room temperature

26
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an acyl chloride into a secondary amide

A

A primary amine, room temperature

27
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting either a primary or secondary amide into a carboxylic acid

A

Reflux with aqueous acid or alkali (Using an alkali results in the salt of the carboxylic acid)

28
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an alkene into a bromo-alkane

A

conc. HBr(aq) at room temperature

29
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an alkene into a dibromo-alkene

A

Br2 in an organic solvent at room temperature

30
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an alkene into an addition polymer

A

Trace O2(g), 200 degrees, 1500atm

31
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an alkene into an alcohol

A

c. H2SO4 followed by H2O or H2O(g) phosphoric and catalyst at 300 degrees and 60 atm

32
Q

Conditions and reagents for converting an alkene into an alkane

A

H2(g) finely divided Ni at 150 degrees and 5 atm. (or Pt at room temperature and 1 atm.)

33
Q

Conditions and reagents needed in order to convert a halogenoalkane into a primary amine

A

Heat in a sealed test tube with (Concentrated) Ammonia

34
Q

Name the class of reactions which halogenoalkanes go through

A

Nucleophilic substitution

35
Q

Reagent needed for the formation of ethanol from chloroethane

A

Water

36
Q

Reagents and conditions needed for formation of an alcohol from a halogenoalkane

A

Heat under reflux with aqueous sodium hydroxide

OCR(B) Chemistry (13 decks)

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