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MCQs Flashcards

1
Q

You are the Registered Nurse on afternoon shift. You hear a student nurse yelling loudly to a person regarding her transfer from the bed to the chair. When entering the room your BEST response is:

a. “Let me help you with your transfer technique.”
b. “Please stop what you are doing immediately.”
c. “When you are finished, be sure to apologise for your loud behaviour.”
d. “You need to speak to the person quietly. You are disturbing them.”
e. “When your patient is safe and comfortable, meet me at the desk.”

A

e. “When your patient is safe and comfortable, meet me at the desk.”

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2
Q

A nurse who reassures herself that she is prepared to speak in front of a group of her peers is using which of the following types of communication?

a. Intrapersonal
b. inter-relational
c. Group
d. Organisational
e. Interpersonal

A

a. Intrapersonal

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3
Q

Which of the following is not an effective method of communicating with a patient who has a physical barrier?

a. Using a communication board
b. Using pen and paper
c. Raising your voice
d. Lip Reading

A

c. Raising your voice

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4
Q

When communicating with a patient who has a physical barrier the most effective way to choose an appropriate method of communication is to:

a. Use the same methods for every patient
b. Individualise methods for each patient
c. Use different methods for men and women
d. Choose a method at random

A

b. Individualise methods for each patient

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5
Q

Which of the following is not a variable a nurse needs to consider when communicating with someone who has a physical barrier?

a. Patient’s energy level
b. Patient’s level of pain
c. Patient’s mood
d. Patient’s gender

A

d. Patient’s gender

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6
Q

When communicating with a person who has a cognitive impairment, which communication strategy is preferred?

a. Assume that the person has difficulty in hearing you and speak loudly
b. Be patient and give the person at least one minute to respond before repeating a question
c. Communicate important information when the family is visiting
d. Keep communication simple, break down instructions into simple tasks and avoid lengthy explanations
e. Where ever possible, use open-ended questions, such as “what would you like to wear today?”

A

d. Keep communication simple, break down instructions into simple tasks and avoid lengthy explanations

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7
Q

When communicating with a person who is visually impaired, the nurse should:

a. assume the person can lip-read
b. speak clearly and in a normal tone of voice
c. use an interpreter wherever possible
d. speak in simple sentences and in a normal tone of voice
e. touch them on the shoulder before talking to them

A

b. speak clearly and in a normal tone of voice

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8
Q

When communicating with a person who is hearing impaired, which of the following is the MOST important nursing intervention to establishing a therapeutic relationship?

a. Making sure that the person can see your mouth so they can lip-read
b. Using sign language or finger spelling, as appropriate
c. Orienting the person to your presence before initiating a conversation
d. Writing ides that are difficult to convey to the person in another manner
e. Making sure that hearing aids are clean, functioning and inserted appropriately

A

c. Orienting the person to your presence before initiating a conversation

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9
Q

Cognitive development of the newborn begins with innate behaviour, reflexes and sensory functions. Which of the following is NOT a newborn reflex?

a. Pavlovian
b. Tonic neck
c. Seeking
d. Moro
e. Babinski

A

a. Pavlovian

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10
Q

Immediately after birth, an APGAR test is performed to determine how well the newborn is transitioning to life outside of the womb. Which five key factors are assessed by this test?

a. Appearance, Pulse rate, Growth, Activity, Respiration
b. Aptitude, Pulse rate, Grimace, Appetite, Reflexes
c. Appearance, Pulse rate, Grimace, Activity, Respiration
d. Appearance, Pulmonary function, Grimace, Activity, Reflexes
e. Appearance, Pulmonary function, Grasp, Activity, Respiration

A

c. Appearance, Pulse rate, Grimace, Activity, Respiration

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11
Q

The developing foetus exhibits a common trend in growth and development. Which of the following growth and development trends occurs first?

a. lateral
b. dorsal
c. proximodistal
d. cephalocaudal
e. symmetric

A

d. cephalocaudal

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12
Q

At what point during the first year of life would you normally expect bonding to occur?

a. At three months
b. Soon after birth
c. At nine months
d. At three weeks
e. At six months

A

b. Soon after birth

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13
Q

A two year old grabs a handful of cake sitting on the table and stuffs it in his mouth. According to Freud, the child is satisfying his:

a. Superego
b. Greed due to developmental issues
c. Unconscious mind
d. Ego
e. Id

A

e. Id

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14
Q

School-aged children according to Erikson are in which of the following stages of development?

a. Initiative versus guilt.
b. Autonomy versus shame and doubt.
c. Intimacy versus isolation.
d. Industry versus shame and doubt.
e. Industry versus inferiority.

A

e. Industry versus inferiority. q

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15
Q

According to Erikson, the pyschosocial developmental stage for the one to three year old child (toddler) is:

a. initiative vs guilt
b. trust vs mistrust
c. industry vs inferiority
d. autonomy vs shame and doubt
e. generativity

A

d. autonomy vs shame and doubt

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16
Q

According to Piaget, the first stage in cognitive development in infancy is called the:

a. Formal operational stage
b. Pre-operational stage
c. Concrete operational stage
d. Sensitive or critical development stage
e. Sensorimotor stage

A

e. Sensorimotor stage

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17
Q

Pre-schoolers in Piaget’s pre-operational stage of development demonstrate which of the following transitional changes?

a. Play involves imaginary friends and reduced involvement with other children
b. The child develops classification systems
c. Egocentrism decreases as socialisation with other children increases and the ability to express themselves verbally improves
d. Egocentrism increases through play with other children
e. Egocentrism increases as curiosity and reasoning ability improves

A

c. Egocentrism decreases as socialisation with other children increases and the ability to express themselves verbally improves

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18
Q

Based on Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, children between the ages of 2 and 7 use play to:

a. classify objects according to their characteristics
b. to understand their place in the world, life events and relationships
c. develop their personality
d. relate their own enjoyment of random behaviours
e. incorporate the perspective of others

A

b. to understand their place in the world, life events and relationships

19
Q

Which of the following statements about John Bowlby’s theory of attachment is NOT correct?

a. Infants are prewired to display attachment behaviour toward one or more of their caregivers
b. Infant responses such as crying, clinging, searching are adapative responses to the separation from their primary attachment figures
c. Caregivers are prewired to respond to infant attachment behaviours
d. Caregivers provide a secure base from the developing child can explore the world
e. Caregiver factors such as neglect and abuse positively affects child development

A

e. Caregiver factors such as neglect and abuse positively affects child development

20
Q

Which of the following is NOT a typical reaction to an ecological transition such as going to school?

a. Fear of a caregiver dying
b. Separation anxiety
c. Increased appetite
d. Taking things out of context
e. Nocturnal bed wetting

A

c. Increased appetite

21
Q

Moral development as defined in Kohlberg’s theory is initially influenced by:

a. societal rules and regulations known to the family
b. the family’s beliefs and values
c. parent child interaction and communication based on the child trying to please parents
d. social and religious rules followed by the family
e. the parents’ life experiences in relation to child development

A

c. parent child interaction and communication based on the child trying to please parents

22
Q

The toddler has the cognitive development necessary to:

a. develop independence in feeding self
b. use fingers to pick up small objects
c. have bladder control during the day
d. identify and name body parts
e. run, jump and swing

A

d. identify and name body parts

23
Q

When a child learns a new motor skill such as catching a balloon, two steps must be mastered before the skill becomes autonomous, and is able to be performed automatically. These are the _____________, and ________________ steps:

a. co-operative, associative
b. cognitive, agility
c. cognitive, associative
d. collaborative, associative
e. collaborative, ability

A

c. cognitive, associative

24
Q

When a child avoids a difficult situation by reverting to an earlier, less mature way of dealing with the situation, this behaviour is called:

a. regression
b. aggression
c. denial
d. suppression
e. immature

A

a. regression

25
Q

Determining the extent to which human development is the product of different aspects of the environment is know as the nature /nurture debate. Which of the following is NOT a factor related to ‘nurture’?

a. Cultural influences
b. Biological influences such as hormones, growth spurts
c. External physical and social conditions in the environment
d. Learning and education
e. Experiences including social interaction with parents or peers

A

b. Biological influences such as hormones, growth spurts

26
Q

Which of the following is NOT an effective parenting strategy? To:

a. provide understanding and guidance
b. set limits and have clear boundaries
c. talk to and listen to your child
d. provide love and warmth for your child
e. be inconsistent in the consequences for challenging behaviour

A

e. be inconsistent in the consequences for challenging behaviour

27
Q

The kind of loss that occurs when a loved one is perceived as physically present but psychologically absent, is described as:

a. Imposed
b. Ambiguous
c. Direct
d. Internal
e. Primary

A

b. Ambiguous

28
Q

Grief is commonly expressed through a range of physical, cognitive and behavioural reactions. Which of the following are typical cognitive reactions?

a. Fatigue, shortness of breath, sense of depersonalisation
b. Yearning, despair, depression
c. Agitation, crying, social withdrawal
d. Disbelief, confusion, helplessness
e. Sleep or appetite changes, sense of unreality, oversensitivity to noise

A

d. Disbelief, confusion, helplessness

29
Q

You are working with a Registered Nurse on a night shift and are caring for Mrs M who is terminally ill. Her daughter who has told you that Mrs M is a stoic ‘fighter’, asks the RN “How long will it be before she dies?” The RN’s BEST response would be to say:

a. From my past experience, definitely within the next two hours
b. I don’t actually know, but most likely, when she’s ready
c. I’ll perform a full cognitive assessment and let you know what I think when I have finished
d. My best guess is tomorrow sometime
e. I’ll look at her notes and get back to you

A

b. I don’t actually know, but most likely, when she’s ready

30
Q

The bio-psychosocial model is a useful tool to manage pain because it can be used:

a. to identify the true source of pain
b. to identify and treat the cause or provide pain relief until healing occurs
c. as well as analgesics and anti-inflammatory drug treatment
d. to eliminate complaints of phantom pain
e. instead of subjective methods to assess pain

A

b. to identify and treat the cause or provide pain relief until healing occurs

31
Q

How you think and feel about a problem is referred to as the _________________ part of the bio-psychosocial model.

a. social
b. cognitive
c. psychological
d. critical
e. biological

A

c. psychological

32
Q

the kind of pain that arises from pathology to, or changes within the peripheral nervous system is called ____________________ pain.

a. nociceptive
b. neuropathic
c. intractable
d. chronic
e. acute

A

b. neuropathic

33
Q

Techniques to manage neuropathic pain commonly include which of the following?

a. Analgesia and cryotherapy
b. Analgesia and trans theoretical meditation
c. Analgesia and cognitive behavioural therapy
d. Analgesia and radiation therapy
e. Analgesia and deep heat therapy

A

c. Analgesia and cognitive behavioural therapy

34
Q

Which of the following techniques can be used as part of a psychological approach to pain management?

a. Guided imagery, progressive muscle relaxation, and a vegetarian diet.
b. Progressive muscle relaxation, surgery and self-management
c. Progressive muscle relaxation, meditation and guided imagery
d. Progressive muscle relaxation, analgesia and yoga
e. Guided imagery, naturopathy and yoga

A

c. Progressive muscle relaxation, meditation and guided imagery

35
Q

Which of the following is an example of a reasonable distraction technique that could be used for a seven year old child experiencing pain?

a. The nurse could ask the child to choose and watch a favourite programme or on their iPad to take their mind off a painful procedure such as venepuncture.
b. The nurse could ask the child to use different words to describe their pain.
c. The nurse could sing a song to amuse the child.
d. The nurse could give the child a lolly pop to take their mind off a planned painful procedure.
e. The nurse could ask the child to think about something pleasant.

A

a. The nurse could ask the child to choose and watch a favourite programme or on their iPad to take their mind off a painful procedure such as venepuncture.

36
Q

Non-pharmacological treatments are often used to support the person who is having chemotherapy because they can:

a. Increase the potency of chemotherapy and reduce general feelings of distress .
b. Reduce the treatment time by making the chemotherapy more effective.
c. Stop the physical side effects of chemotherapy such as nausea, vomiting and alopecia.
d. Serve as cognitive distractors by redirecting a person’s attention from the physical effects of the treatment and refocusing it on neutral or relaxing images.
e. Serve as affective distractors by redirecting a person’s attention towards thinking about surviving the chemotherapy.

A

d. Serve as cognitive distractors by redirecting a person’s attention from the physical effects of the treatment and refocusing it on neutral or relaxing images.

37
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ five stages of grief?

a. Anger
b. Denial
c. Bargaining
d. Despair
e. Acceptance

A

d. Despair

38
Q

The first step of the clinical reasoning cycle is to:

a. take vital signs
b. collect clues and information
c. process information
d. identify problems and issues
e. consider the patient situation

A

e. consider the patient situation

39
Q

The ______________________ experiment is a classic example of behavioural conditioning and would be considered ____________________ by today’s research standards.

a. Chicken boy, scientifically flawed
b. Russian feral girl, morally right
c. Bobo doll, morally right
d. Pavlov’s dog, scientifically valid
e. Little Albert, morally wrong

A

e. Little Albert, morally wrong

40
Q

Behavioural learning theory suggests that smoking behaviour is learnt according to the key learning processes of:

a. operant conditioning, role modelling, peer coaching
b. classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning
c. operant conditioning, mentoring, observational learning
d. classical conditioning, role modelling, peer coaching

A

b. classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning

41
Q

Social learning theory suggests that the major influence on adolescents’ smoking behaviour is:

a. Role modelling and advertising
b. Role modelling and social reinforcement.
c. Parental influence and positive reinforcement
d. Parental influence and advertising

A

b. Role modelling and social reinforcement.

42
Q

Cognitive Behavioural therapy is based on a five systems model where a situation is linked with which of the following four factors?

a. Physical reactions, feelings, responses, feedback
b. Physical reactions, anxiety, behaviours, feedback
c. Physical reactions, feelings, responses, feedback
d. Physical reactions, thoughts, feelings, behaviors

A

d. Physical reactions, thoughts, feelings, behaviours

43
Q

Which of the following is NOT an example of biased thinking?

a. Jumping to conclusions
b. Catastrophising
c. Clinical reasoning
d. All or none thinking
e. Personalising

A

c. Clinical reasoning

44
Q

For head injury survivors, which of the following statements about memory is most TRUE?

a. Periods of amnesia occur frequently
b. Post-injury knowledge is more easily retained
c. Memory improves with time
d. It is easy to learn new things
e. Pre-injury knowledge is more easily retained

A

b. Post-injury knowledge is more easily retained

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