mcqs Flashcards
In the statement below, data are presented based on a cohort study of coronary heart disease. Match the best parameter to the statement! At initial examination, 17 person per 1000 had evidence of coronary heart disease.
Incidence
Point prevalence
Incidence density
(standardized) morbidity ratio
Case fatality
In the statement below, data are presented based on a cohort study of coronary heart disease.
Match the best parameter to the statement!
At initial examination, 17 person per 1000 had evidence of coronary heart disease.
Incidence
Point prevalence
Incidence density
(standardized) morbidity ratio
Case fatality
Which continent has the highest percentage of people of over 60 years of age?
Europe
Asia
North America
Africa
Which continent has the highest percentage of people of over 60 years of age?
Europe
Asia
North America
Africa
What is the leading cause of death of people over 60 years of age?
Cardiovascular problems
Cancer
Car accidents
False teeth infections
What is the leading cause of death of people over 60 years of age?
Cardiovascular problems
Cancer
Car accidents
False teeth infections
How many litres of pure alcohol per year a person consumes in Hungary?
2
7
11,6
15
How many litres of pure alcohol per year a person consumes in Hungary?
2
7
11,6
15
We have a country with 5 million people. 1 million over 60 years old, 1 million less than 15. What is the ageing index?
25%
33%
75%
60%
100%
We have a country with 5 million people. 1 million over 60 years old, 1 million less than 15. What is the ageing index?
25%
33%
75%
60%
100%
How many new cases of cancer are there every year?
5 mill
7 mill
11 mill
15 mill
How many new cases of cancer are there every year?
5 mill
7 mill
11 mill
15 mill
Osteoarthritis in people younger than 45 is more common in men than women
True
False
Osteoarthritis in people younger than 45 is more common in men than women
True
False
Lower back pain is more common in office work
True
False
Lower back pain is more common in office work
True
False
Diabetes can lead to obesity
True
False
Diabetes can lead to obesity
True
False
Smoking can cause male sexual dysfunction
True
False
Smoking can cause male sexual dysfunction
True
False
100 million people in the world have hypertension. 1 million die from it yearly.
True
False
100 million people in the world have hypertension. 1 million die from it yearly.
True
False
Drug abuse is defined as using illegal drugs and inappropriate use of legal drugs
True
False
Drug abuse is defined as using illegal drugs and inappropriate use of legal drugs
True
False
What is the percentage of deaths by infectious diseases of all deaths worldwide?
25%
10%
50%
70%
What is the percentage of deaths by infectious diseases of all deaths worldwide?
25%
10%
50%
70%
Which of the following describes best the retrospective design where subjects are sampled by their disease status and is often used when the investigator is interested in rare diseases?
Intervention trial
Case control study
Retrospective cohort
Ecologic study
None of the above
Which of the following describes best the retrospective design where subjects are sampled by their disease status and is often used when the investigator is interested in rare diseases?
Intervention trial
Case control study
Retrospective cohort
Ecologic study
None of the above
The strength of association is one of the criteria for evaluating the cause and effect relationship between an exposure and outcome. Which of the following is a measure of the strength of association?
Incidence rate among the exposed
Cumulative incidence among the exposed
The ratio of odds of exposure among cases to the odds of exposure among the non-cases
Odds of disease among exposed relative to the prevalence of exposure in the source population
None of the above
The strength of association is one of the criteria for evaluating the cause and effect relationship between an exposure and outcome. Which of the following is a measure of the strength of association?
Incidence rate among the exposed
Cumulative incidence among the exposed
The ratio of odds of exposure among cases to the odds of exposure among the non-cases
Odds of disease among exposed relative to the prevalence of exposure in the source population
None of the above
Choose the correct answer
The indirect method of age standardization applies stratum-specific rates from an external population to the age distribution of the study population.
A standardized mortality ratio is an example of stratum-specific crude rate
Direct age standardization can be characterized as applying the same set of weights to the age-specific rates of populations to be compared
Statement 1 is true, 2 and 3 are false
Statement 1 and 3 are false, 2 is true
Statement 1 and 3 are true, 2 is false
Statement 1 is false, 2 and 3 are true
All are true
Choose the correct answer
a) The indirect method of age standardization applies stratum-specific rates from an external population to the age distribution of the study population.
b) A standardized mortality ratio is an example of stratum-specific crude rate
c) Direct age standardization can be characterized as applying the same set of weights to the age-specific rates of populations to be compared
Statement 1 is true, 2 and 3 are false
Statement 1 and 3 are false, 2 is true
Statement 1 and 3 are true, 2 is false
Statement 1 is false, 2 and 3 are true
All are true
Which drug has highest probability of overdose due to easy tolerance and dependence?
Cocaine
Heroine
Amphetamine
Marijuana
LSD
Which drug has highest probability of overdose due to easy tolerance and dependence?
Cocaine
Heroine
Amphetamine
Marijuana
LSD
Target group for cervical cancer screening
25-65y
45-65
50-70
35-55
35-45
Target group for cervical cancer screening
25-65y
45-65
50-70
35-55
35-45
Which of the following disease has the highest relative risk among women who are drinking 60g or more pure alcohol daily?
Hemorrhagic stroke
Breast cancer
DM
CHD
Oesophagus cancer
Which of the following disease has the highest relative risk among women who are drinking 60g or more pure alcohol daily?
Hemorrhagic stroke
Breast cancer
DM
CHD
Oesophagus cancer
When is it recommended to add cereal, veg and fruit to an infants diet?
2-3m
5-6m
7-8m
10-12m
14-16m
When is it recommended to add cereal, veg and fruit to an infants diet?
2-3m
5-6m
7-8m
10-12m
14-16m
Minimal intervention of tobacco cessation means
Every smoker should visit a pulmonologist every year
Every city should have a smoking cessation clinic
The GP should know his patients habit and promote cessation
Nicotine replacement therapy is cheaper with a prescription
Every smoker appears in a hospital should be sent to cessation clinic
Minimal intervention of tobacco cessation means
Every smoker should visit a pulmonologist every year
Every city should have a smoking cessation clinic
The GP should know his patients habit and promote cessation
Nicotine replacement therapy is cheaper with a prescription
Every smoker appears in a hospital should be sent to cessation clinic
Most frequent cancer of men in developing countries?
Prostate
Lung
Stomach
Liver
Esophagus
Most frequent cancer of men in developing countries?
Prostate
Lung
Stomach
Liver
Esophagus
Choose which has NO effect on development of osteoporosis
Low Ca intake
Low oestrogen
Hypo-K vitamin
Hypo-D vitamin
Hypo-C vitamin
Choose which has NO effect on development of osteoporosis
Low Ca intake
Low oestrogen
Hypo-K vitamin
Hypo-D vitamin
Hypo-C vitamin
Match the screening test with appropriate age! Galactosaemia!
From age 11
At age 1, 3 and 6m
From age 6 to 11
0-8 days
From age 6 to 18 every two years
Match the screening test with appropriate age! Galactosaemia!
From age 11
At age 1, 3 and 6m
From age 6 to 11
0-8 days
From age 6 to 18 every two years
Match the screening test with appropriate age! Orchidopexia! (Orchiopexy is a surgery to move an undescended testicle into the scrotum and permanently fix it there.)
From age 11
At age 1, 3 and 6m
From age 6 to 11
0-8 days
From age 6 to 18 every two years
Match the screening test with appropriate age! Orchidopexia!
From age 11
At age 1, 3 and 6m
From age 6 to 11
0-8 days
From age 6 to 18 every two years
(Orchiopexy is a surgery to move an undescended testicle into the scrotum and permanently fix it there.)
From what age is it recommended to screen BP regularly
3 years
6 years
10
24
35
From what age is it recommended to screen BP regularly
3 years
6 years
10
24
35
Number of deaths in infants less than 28 days
Postneonatal mortality
Abortion rate
Perinatal
Neonatal
Fetal
Number of deaths in infants less than 28 days
Postneonatal mortality
Abortion rate
Perinatal
Neonatal
Fetal
Which of the following public health intervention is the most successful in preventing initiating or reducing the prevalence of smoking?
Media campaign against smoking
Prohibiting sale of tobacco to minors
Restriction of indoor smoking
Lawsuits against tobacco industry
Increases in cigarette prices through taxation
Which of the following public health intervention is the most successful in preventing initiating or reducing the prevalence of smoking?
Media campaign against smoking
Prohibiting sale of tobacco to minors
Restriction of indoor smoking
Lawsuits against tobacco industry
Increases in cigarette prices through taxation
Which is NOT a measure of reduced demand of tobacco products?
Support smoking cessation
Combating illicit trade
Tax (price) increase
Prohibit indirect advertising
Label products with anti-smoking messages
Which is NOT a measure of reduced demand of tobacco products?
Support smoking cessation
Combating illicit trade
Tax (price) increase
Prohibit indirect advertising
Label products with anti-smoking messages
Which test measures nicotine addiction?
Ames
Fagerström
Wassermann
Weil-Felix
APTT
Which test measures nicotine addiction?
Ames
Fagerström
Wassermann
Weil-Felix
APTT
You are employed by a state substance abuse program and are responsible for design, implementation and evaluation of drug prevention in schools. Which is most likely to impact drug use behaviour?
Size of program
Length of program
Expert instruction
Peer interaction
Socioeconomic status of the students
You are employed by a state substance abuse program and are responsible for design, implementation and evaluation of drug prevention in schools. Which is most likely to impact drug use behaviour?
Size of program
Length of program
Expert instruction
Peer interaction
Socioeconomic status of the students
Genetic counselling before pregnancy recommended at
25
30
35
40
45
Genetic counselling before pregnancy recommended at
25
30
35
40
45
Which of following factors is associated with reduced drug use in young adults?
Low socioeconomic status
Early drug use
Marriage
Parental drug use
Depression
Which of following factors is associated with reduced drug use in young adults?
Low socioeconomic status
Early drug use
Marriage
Parental drug use
Depression
The association between induced abortion and breast cancer has been the subject of previous epidemiological studies. Cohort studies have found no association, while at least one case-control study has found a positive association. Possible explanations for the different results in case-control and cohort studies of this topic include
case control are prone to selection bias, cohort are not
recall bias may explain the association in case-control, and would not be a problem in cohort
the method of disease classification is different in case-control and cohort
the association proved in case-control are always a result of bias and misleading
all of the above
The association between induced abortion and breast cancer has been the subject of previous epidemiological studies. Cohort studies have found no association, while at least one case-control study has found a positive association. Possible explanations for the different results in case-control and cohort studies of this topic include
case control are prone to selection bias, cohort are not
recall bias may explain the association in case-control, and would not be a problem in cohort
the method of disease classification is different in case-control and cohort
the association proved in case-control are always a result of bias and misleading
all of the above
Three hundred bird watchers are invited to participate in a study. They have the chance to choose between a telescope and a pair of cheap binoculars. What kind of study describes this observation best?
Case-control
Cohort
Cross-sectional
Ecological
Randomized trial
Three hundred bird watchers are invited to participate in a study. They have the chance to choose between a telescope and a pair of cheap binoculars. What kind of study describes this observation best?
Case-control
Cohort
Cross-sectional
Ecological
Randomized trial
What is the normal body fat percentage in men and women?
Men 15-25%, women 20-30%
Men 30-40%, women 15-40%
Men 10-14%, women 10-15%
Men 45-55%, women 20-22%
What is the normal body fat percentage in men and women?
Men 15-25%, women 20-30%
Men 30-40%, women 15-40%
Men 10-14%, women 10-15%
Men 45-55%, women 20-22%
You brought a friend to the ER because he suffers from hallucinations and paranoia, and thinks that he’s Kipod. What is the most likely thing he took?
LSD
Benzo
Morphine
Heroine
You brought a friend to the ER because he suffers from hallucinations and paranoia, and thinks that he’s Kipod. What is the most likely thing he took?
LSD
Benzo
Morphine
Heroine
What causes relaxation, disinhibition, motor and memory impairment, and anxiolysis?
Cannabis
Amphetamine
Dobutamine
Cocaine
Angel dust
What causes relaxation, disinhibition, motor and memory impairment, and anxiolysis?
Cannabis
Amphetamine
Dobutamine
Cocaine
Angel dust
The crude death in USA is 150/100000 and in a smaller developing country the crude death rate is 75/100000. What is the real cause of the difference?
In developing countries there is high emigration
The population in USA is much bigger
The infant mortality rate in developing countries is much higher and is not included in the crude death
The crude death in USA is 150/100000 and in a smaller developing country the crude death rate is 75/100000. What is the real cause of the difference?
In developing countries there is high emigration
The population in USA is much bigger
The infant mortality rate in developing countries is much higher and is not included in the crude death
Definition of microrisk?
10 of 100000
1 of 1 million
100 of 1 million
Definition of microrisk?
10 of 100000
1 of 1 million
100 of 1 million
Match the pairs
a) Analytic study
b) Descriptive study
c) Experimental epidemiology
d) Clinical epidemiology
i) Cause-effect
ii) Population survey
iii) Trial of water fluorination
iv) Case control
Match the pairs
Analytic study
Descriptive study
Experimental epidemiology
Clinical epidemiology
Cause-effect d
Population survey b
Trial of water fluorination c
Case control a
Characterize ecological trials, except:
Less expensive than cohort
Evaluates single individuals
Takes less time than cohort
Better results than cohort in cause-effect
Characterize ecological trials, except:
Less expensive than cohort
Evaluates single individuals
Takes less time than cohort
Better results than cohort in cause-effect
Can be calculated from odd’s ratio
Attributable risk
Relative risk
Absolute risk
Age standardized incidence
Age standardized prevalence
Can be calculated from odd’s ratio
Attributable risk
Relative risk
Absolute risk
Age standardized incidence
Age standardized prevalence
What is the difference in years between life expectancy in North American countries to African countries?
5 years
22 years
30 years
40 years
17 years
What is the difference in years between life expectancy in North American countries to African countries?
5 years
22 years
30 years
40 years
17 years
Which is true? None, all or just one?
Screening of inborn metabolic diseases in newborns is a form of primary prevention
A Hungarian survey which takes participants form all the different population can be applied to all of Hungary
The difference between diagnosis and screening is: cost, specificity and sensitivity
Which is true? None, all or just one?
Screening of inborn metabolic diseases in newborns is a form of primary prevention
A Hungarian survey which takes participants form all the different population can be applied to all of Hungary
The difference between diagnosis and screening is: cost, specificity and sensitivity
What is the infant mortality rate in Hungary per 1000 births?
5-6 of 1000
10-15 of 1000
35-50 of 1000
100-120 of 1000
What is the infant mortality rate in Hungary per 1000 births?
5-6 of 1000
10-15 of 1000
35-50 of 1000
100-120 of 1000
Match the pairs
a) Cohort
b) Case control
c) Experimental
d) Cross-sectional
e) Aggregate
i) Prospective
ii) Retrospective
iii) Interventional
iv) At a given point of time
v) Ecological
Match the pairs
a) Cohort
b) Case control
c) Experimental
d) Cross-sectional
e) Aggregate
i) Prospective a
ii) Retrospective b
iii) Interventionalc
iv) At a given point of time d
v) Ecological e
Screening is primary prevention
True
False
Screening is primary prevention
True
False
Incidence is the number of sick people in the population
True
False
Incidence is the number of sick people in the population
True
False
Highly sensitive screening tests have less false negative results
True
False
Highly sensitive screening tests have less false negative results
True
False
If after a cohort study, the RR is 5, it means
Strong moderate
Very strong
Weak
Overwhelming
If after a cohort study, the RR is 5, it means
Strong moderate
Very strong
Weak
Overwhelming
How much is the chemical components of a cigarette?
100-250
300-500
>4000
1000-2000
How much is the chemical components of a cigarette?
100-250
300-500
>4000
1000-2000
How many people have DM world wide?
150 mill
300 mill
650 mill
50 mill
How many people have DM world wide?
150 mill
300 mill (450 million)
650 mill
50 mill
The number of deaths in infants less than 28 days old, per 1000, refers to
Postneonatal mortality
Neonatal mortality
Perinatal mortality
Fetal mortality
The number of deaths in infants less than 28 days old, per 1000, refers to
Postneonatal mortality
Neonatal mortality
Perinatal mortality
Fetal mortality
Choose the correct statement about suicide!
Leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Second leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Third leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Fourth leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Fifth leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Choose the correct statement about suicide!
Leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Second leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Third leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Fourth leading cause of death in young people in Europe
Fifth leading cause of death in young people in Europe
How many deaths of children under 5 years of age is cause by malnutrition?
10%
30%
50%
70%
90%
How many deaths of children under 5 years of age is cause by malnutrition?
10%
30%
50%
70%
90%
how many deaths does smoking account for?
10%
30%
50%
70%
how many deaths does smoking account for?
10%
30%
50%
70%
How many medical consultations in Europe are due to depression?
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
How many medical consultations in Europe are due to depression?
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Highest suicide rate in the EU?
Finland
Lithuania
Hungary
Highest suicide rate in the EU?
Finland
Lithuania
Hungary
Which method is least effective in decreasing smoking
Increased taxes
Ban advertisements
Prevent youth access
Commercials against tobacco
Access to NRT
Which method is least effective in decreasing smoking
Increased taxes
Ban advertisements
Prevent youth access
Commercials against tobacco
Access to NRT
In the statement below, data are presented based on a cohort study of coronary heart disease. Match the best parameter to the statement! At the end of the study, a total of 129 non-fatal myocardial infarctions per 54,560 person years of observation occurred in the study population.
Incidence
Point prevalence
Incidence density
(standardized) morbidity ratio
Case fatality
In the statement below, data are presented based on a cohort study of coronary heart disease. Match the best parameter to the statement! At the end of the study, a total of 129 non-fatal myocardial infarctions per 54,560 person years of observation occurred in the study population.
Incidence
Point prevalence
Incidence density
(standardized) morbidity ratio
Case fatality
Which statement is true for the relationship between risk and odds?
Risk is simply another name for odds
Only few types of epidemiological studies allow for risk calculation, while most allow for odds calculation
Risk and odds are measures interchangeable in almost every epidemiological study
Risk is generally used to estimate odds
Risk cannot be estimated by odds
Which statement is true for the relationship between risk and odds?
Risk is simply another name for odds
Only few types of epidemiological studies allow for risk calculation, while most allow for odds calculation
Risk and odds are measures interchangeable in almost every epidemiological study
Risk is generally used to estimate odds
Risk cannot be estimated by odds
Choose the missing word!
“…is a set of techniques used to remove as far as possible the effects of differences of age or other confounding variables when comparing two or more populations”
Risk assessment
Variance analysis
Standardization
Odds calculation
Regression
Choose the missing word!
“…is a set of techniques used to remove as far as possible the effects of differences of age or other confounding variables when comparing two or more populations”
Risk assessment
Variance analysis
Standardization
Odds calculation
Regression
The infant mortality rate in the world is
3,5/1000
7,3/1000
15/1000
22,4/1000
35/1000
The infant mortality rate in the world is
3,5/1000
7,3/1000
15/1000
22,4/1000
35/1000
Choose the correct formula for absolute risk!
Incidence of the non-exposed * incidence of the exposed
Incidence of the exposed / incidence of the non-exposed
Incidence of the non-exposed + incidence of the exposed
Incidence of the exposed + incidence of the non-exposed
None of the above
Choose the correct formula for absolute risk!
Incidence of the non-exposed * incidence of the exposed
Incidence of the exposed / incidence of the non-exposed
Incidence of the non-exposed + incidence of the exposed
Incidence of the exposed + incidence of the non-exposed
None of the above
Which is the correct order (weakest to strongest) of the following epidemiological study types concerning the strength of evidence they can provide?
Cohort, case-control, ecological, interventional
Ecological, cohort, interventional, case-control
Ecological, case-control, cohort, interventional
Interventional, ecological, case-control, cohort
Interventional, case-control, cohort, ecological
Which is the correct order (weakest to strongest) of the following epidemiological study types concerning the strength of evidence they can provide?
Cohort, case-control, ecological, interventional
Ecological, cohort, interventional, case-control
Ecological, case-control, cohort, interventional
Interventional, ecological, case-control, cohort
Interventional, case-control, cohort, ecological
Certain errors that result from the interplay of numerous factors that cannot be eliminated, only constrained within given limits. This error type is…
Random error
Confounding error
Selection error
Recall bias
Observation error
Certain errors that result from the interplay of numerous factors that cannot be eliminated, only constrained within given limits. This error type is…
Random error
Confounding error
Selection error
Recall bias
Observation error
A highly specific screening test will produce less
Patient discomfort
Superfluous follow-up examination
True positive results
False positive results
False negative results
A highly specific screening test will produce less
Patient discomfort
Superfluous follow-up examination
True positive results
False positive results
False negative results
The following data are from a screening test result. Calculate the positive predictive value!
screening result
confirmed not confirmed
positive 694 431
negative 12 5478
87%
78%
99%
51%
62%
The following data are from a screening test result. Calculate the positive predictive value!
screening result
confirmed not confirmed
positive 694 431
negative 12 5478
87%
78%
99%
51%
62%
Choose the true statements!
The broad based age-sex pyramid means a rapidly growing population
The infant mortality of Sweden is higher than Hungary
The number of live births in a year divided by the mid-year female population aged 15-44 in the same year * 1000 is the crude birth rate
Statement 1 is correct, 2 and 3 are false
Statement 1 and 3 are correct, 2 is false
Statement 3 is correct, 1 and 2 are false
All are true
All are false
Choose the true statements!
The broad based age-sex pyramid means a rapidly growing population
The infant mortality of Sweden is higher than Hungary
The number of live births in a year divided by the mid-year female population aged 15-44 in the same year * 1000 is the crude birth rate
Statement 1 is correct, 2 and 3 are false
Statement 1 and 3 are correct, 2 is false
Statement 3 is correct, 1 and 2 are false
All are true
All are false
The total fertility rate in Hungary is… than in the world
Five times higher
Three times higher
Two times higher
About the same
Half
The total fertility rate in Hungary is… than in the world
Five times higher
Three times higher
Two times higher
About the same
Half
Which study-type do the following criteria apply to?
Prevalence of the disease should be very similar to incidence
The exposition should not vary in time
Case-control
Cross-sectional
Cohort
Experimental
Ecological
Which study-type do the following criteria apply to?
Prevalence of the disease should be very similar to incidence
The exposition should not vary in time
Case-control
Cross-sectional
Cohort
Experimental
Ecological
What is the incidence of a disease in the exposed group when the relative risk is 3, and an attributable risk is 14/1000 for a given risk factor?
35/1000
30/1000
35/1000
21/1000
20/1000
What is the incidence of a disease in the exposed group when the relative risk is 3, and an attributable risk is 14/1000 for a given risk factor?
35/1000
30/1000
35/1000
21/1000
20/1000
As an epidemiologist you are requested to recommend a type of study appropriate to the needs of study the causes of a rare sarcoma. What type of study do you recommend?
Cohort
Cross-sectional
Experimental
Case-control
Ecological
As an epidemiologist you are requested to recommend a type of study appropriate to the needs of study the causes of a rare sarcoma. What type of study do you recommend?
Cohort
Cross-sectional
Experimental
Case-control
Ecological
A research team will investigate a possible association between smokeless tobacco use and oral lesions among professional baseball players.
At a spring training camp they ask each baseball player about current and past use of smokeless tobacco, cigarettes and alcohol, a dentist examines the type and extent of oral lesions. What type of study is this?
Case control
Cross sectional
Prospective cohort
Clinical trial
Ecological
A research team will investigate a possible association between smokeless tobacco use and oral lesions among professional baseball players. At a spring training camp they ask each baseball player about current and past use of smokeless tobacco, cigarettes and alcohol, a dentist examines the type and extent of oral lesions. What type of study is this?
Case control
Cross sectional
Prospective cohort
Clinical trial
Ecological
In the study mentioned in the last question, which measure of disease occurrence can be calculated?
Incidence rate
Attributable risk
Prevalence
Relative risk
Odds ratio
In the study mentioned in the last question, which measure of disease occurrence can be calculated?
Incidence rate
Attributable risk
Prevalence
Relative risk
Odds ratio
The average number of years an individual can live without disability at a given age is…
Life expectancy
DALE
HALE
DALY
HALEY
The average number of years an individual can live without disability at a given age is…
Life expectancy
DALE
HALE
DALY
HALEY
Choose the true statements!
If there is no screening method with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity, we can start screening with a test of high specificity followed by a test of high sensitivity.
Results produced by a good screening test can be accepted as a definitive diagnosis.
Screening is a technique of primary prevention
Statement 1 is correct, 2 and 3 are false
Statement 1 and 3 are correct, 2 is false
Statement 3 is correct, 1 and 2 are false
All are true
All are false
Choose the true statements!
If there is no screening method with an acceptable sensitivity and specificity, we can start screening with a test of high specificity followed by a test of high sensitivity.
Results produced by a good screening test can be accepted as a definitive diagnosis.
Screening is a technique of primary prevention
Statement 1 is correct, 2 and 3 are false
Statement 1 and 3 are correct, 2 is false
Statement 3 is correct, 1 and 2 are false
All are true
All are false
Results obtained from a nationally representative sample in a country apply to
Only the participants of the study
The participants of the study and their families
The participants of the study and their friends and family
The population of the country
The population of the world
Results obtained from a nationally representative sample in a country apply to
Only the participants of the study
The participants of the study and their families
The participants of the study and their friends and family
The population of the country
The population of the world
Recall bias is present in…
Case-control studies
Ecological
Interventional
Cohort
Descriptive
Recall bias is present in…
Case-control studies
Ecological
Interventional
Cohort
Descriptive
Case-control studies belong to…
Experimental
Ecological
Descriptive
Analytic
Cross-sectional
Case-control studies belong to…
Experimental
Ecological
Descriptive
Analytic
Cross-sectional
Approximately how many people die in the world annually?
120 mill
89 mill
72 mill
56 mill
41 mill
Approximately how many people die in the world annually?
120 mill
89 mill
72 mill
56 mill
41 mill
Advantages of case-control studies over cohort studies include
Lower costs
More reliable data
Applicability to rare diseases
Direct assessment of absolute risk
Answer 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer 1 and 2 are correct
Answer 1 and 3 are correct
Answer 2 and 4 are correct
Answer 2, 3 and 4 are correct
Advantages of case-control studies over cohort studies include
Lower costs
More reliable data
Applicability to rare diseases
Direct assessment of absolute risk
Answer 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer 1 and 2 are correct
Answer 1 and 3 are correct
Answer 2 and 4 are correct
Answer 2, 3 and 4 are correct
The same screening test is applied simultaneously into two different populations. To confirm the results of the screening tests in people who tested positive, follow up diagnostics reveal a radical difference in positive predictive value between the two populations. Which of the following entries are possible explanations?
Frequency of disease is very different in both populations
The two populations have very different age-distributions
Personnel conducting the screening tests applied these in different ways
Participation rate was much higher in one of the populations
Answer 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer 1 and 2 are correct
Answer 1 and 3 are correct
Answer 2 and 4 are correct
Answer 2, 3 and 4 are correct
The same screening test is applied simultaneously into two different populations. To confirm the results of the screening tests in people who tested positive, follow up diagnostics reveal a radical difference in positive predictive value between the two populations. Which of the following entries are possible explanations?
Frequency of disease is very different in both populations
The two populations have very different age-distributions
Personnel conducting the screening tests applied these in different ways
Participation rate was much higher in one of the populations
Answer 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer 1 and 2 are correct
Answer 1 and 3 are correct
Answer 2 and 4 are correct
Answer 2, 3 and 4 are correct
Age-standardized incidence rates are
Not comparable to each other
Not comparable over lengthier time periods
Not true incidence rates
Not employed routinely
Not useful for international comparison
Age-standardized incidence rates are
Not comparable to each other
Not comparable over lengthier time periods
Not true incidence rates
Not employed routinely
Not useful for international comparison
Choose the correct statements!
The developed countries have high life expectancy because the young population is increasing in these countries
Screening for inborn errors of metabolism is a form of primary prevention because primary prevention aims to detect disease in its pre-clinical phase
Incidence describes the proportion of people who have a certain disease in a given population at a specific time
All are true
Statements 1 and 2 are true, 3 is false
Statement 1 is false, 2 and 3 are true
Statement 1 and 3 are false, 3 is true
All are false
Choose the correct statements!
The developed countries have high life expectancy because the young population is increasing in these countries
Screening for inborn errors of metabolism is a form of primary prevention because primary prevention aims to detect disease in its pre-clinical phase
Incidence describes the proportion of people who have a certain disease in a given population at a specific time
All are true
Statements 1 and 2 are true, 3 is false
Statement 1 is false, 2 and 3 are true
Statement 1 and 3 are false, 3 is true
All are false
The time interval between entry of an infectious agent to the onset of symptoms
Communicable period
Preinfectious period
Noncontagious period
Incubation period
Decubation period
The time interval between entry of an infectious agent to the onset of symptoms
Communicable period
Preinfectious period
Noncontagious period
Incubation period
Decubation period
When do we claim a communicable disease endemic?
In a given geographic area the disease appears in every 3-5 years
In a given geographic area the disease is constantly present
The disease affects me than one continent in a short time
The occurrence of the disease in a region is more frequent than expected
After a break with a couple of years the disease reappears with more cases than previously detected
When do we claim a communicable disease endemic?
In a given geographic area the disease appears in every 3-5 years
In a given geographic area the disease is constantly present
The disease affects me than one continent in a short time
The occurrence of the disease in a region is more frequent than expected
After a break with a couple of years the disease reappears with more cases than previously detected
Which of the following is NOT necessary when setting up the diagnosis of high blood pressure?
At least 2 measurements on each occasion
Nothing to eat before the measurement
Nothing to drink (alcoholic)
No smoking before measurement
Blood pressure check after short physical activity
Which of the following is NOT necessary when setting up the diagnosis of high blood pressure?
At least 2 measurements on each occasion
Nothing to eat before the measurement
Nothing to drink (alcoholic)
No smoking before measurement
Blood pressure check after short physical activity
By the WHO, which people are “getting old”?
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
By the WHO, which people are “getting old”?
50-54
55-59
60-64
65-69
70-74
The estimated annual cancer death worldwide is…
2-3 mill
5-6 mill
7-8 mill
11-12 mill
15-16 mill
The estimated annual cancer death worldwide is…
2-3 mill
5-6 mill
7-8 mill
11-12 mill
15-16 mill
Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of adolescent DALYs?
Road traffic accidents
Violence
Mental illness
HIV/AIDS
Maternal conditions
Which of the following conditions is the leading cause of adolescent DALYs?
Road traffic accidents
Violence
Mental illness
HIV/AIDS
Maternal conditions
What does the SCORE system estimate?
Ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease
Two-year risk of cardiovascular disease
Five-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease
Five-year risk of cardiovascular disease
Stratification of total cardiovascular risk
What does the SCORE system estimate?
Ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease
Two-year risk of cardiovascular disease
Five-year risk of fatal cardiovascular disease
Five-year risk of cardiovascular disease
Stratification of total cardiovascular risk
Which of the followings would not recommend to your patient who is a 27-years old current smoker woman and planning pregnancy?
Stop smoking 3 months before planning to become pregnant
Take folic acid supplements at least 1 month before she gets pregnant
Avoid consumption of raw fish
Do not use supplements with very high amounts of vitamin A
Do not ask for influenza vaccine
Which of the followings would not recommend to your patient who is a 27-years old current smoker woman and planning pregnancy?
Stop smoking 3 months before planning to become pregnant
Take folic acid supplements at least 1 month before she gets pregnant
Avoid consumption of raw fish
Do not use supplements with very high amounts of vitamin A
Do not ask for influenza vaccine
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for IHD
High plasma LDL
Atherosclerosis
High cholesterol intake
High plasma HDL
Obesity
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for IHD
High plasma LDL
Atherosclerosis
High cholesterol intake
High plasma HDL
Obesity
Which country has the highest suicide rate from the following?
Greece
Israel
Norway
Hungary
Lithuania
Which country has the highest suicide rate from the following?
Greece
Israel
Norway
Hungary
Lithuania
Which factor is responsible for most cancer death from the following
Indoor air pollution
Outdoor air pollution
Occupational carcinogenic materials
Chronic hep B infection
Sedentary lifestyle
Which factor is responsible for most cancer death from the following
Indoor air pollution
Outdoor air pollution
Occupational carcinogenic materials
Chronic hep B infection
Sedentary lifestyle
Maximum daily recommended intake for salt NaCl?
1g
3g
5g
7g
9g
Maximum daily recommended intake for salt NaCl?
1g
3g
5g
7g
9g
Choose the correct statements!
The total fertility rate is higher in Greece than in Israel!
The maternal death rate shows a declining tendency in the past decades in Europe
WHO recommends for women not to have more than four pregnancies in total
All are true
Statement 1 is false, 2 and 3 are true
Statement 1 is true, 2 and 3 are false
Statement 3 is true, 1 and 2 are false
All are false
Choose the correct statements!
The total fertility rate is higher in Greece than in Israel!
The maternal death rate shows a declining tendency in the past decades in Europe
WHO recommends for women not to have more than four pregnancies in total
All are true
Statement 1 is false, 2 and 3 are true
Statement 1 is true, 2 and 3 are false
Statement 3 is true, 1 and 2 are false
All are false
The pregnancy rate (Pearl index) for coitus interruptus (withdrawal) is…
0-1%
3-8%
12-42%
51-74%
80-90%
The pregnancy rate (Pearl index) for coitus interruptus (withdrawal) is…
0-1%
3-8%
12-42%
51-74%
80-90%
What age period is considered late adolescence?
8-10
10-13
14-16
16-20
21-24
What age period is considered late adolescence?
8-10
10-13
14-16
16-20
21-24
A 47-years old man appears in your office and you measure 145/101 mmHg BP. He has…
Normal BP
Elevated normal BP
Mild hypertension
Moderate hypertension
Severe hypertension
A 47-years old man appears in your office and you measure 145/101 mmHg BP. He has…
Normal BP
Elevated normal BP
Mild hypertension
Moderate hypertension
Severe hypertension
Choose the primary health care type that is not a mandatory task and not financed by the Hungarian local communities!
GPs, family doctors
Basic dental care between 18 and 62 years
Occupational health service
School health service (general and dentistry)
Maternity and child health service
Choose the primary health care type that is not a mandatory task and not financed by the Hungarian local communities!
GPs, family doctors
Basic dental care between 18 and 62 years
Occupational health service
School health service (general and dentistry)
Maternity and child health service
Who established the first PH faculty in the world?
Who established the first PH faculty in the world?
Max Von Pettebkofer
WHO…
192 members
Part of UN
Based in Washington DC
Based in Geneva, Switzerland
Established at the beginning of the 20thcentury
Established in 1948
WHO…
192 members (194 now)
Part of UN
Based in Washington DC
Based in Geneva, Switzerland
Established at the beginning of the 20thcentury
Established in 1948
The highest amount of medical waste per bed is produced in
North America
South America
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Eastern Asia
The highest amount of medical waste per bed is produced in
North America
South America
Eastern Europe
Western Europe
Eastern Asia
Highly sensitive screening tests has less
False negative results
There were 100 (per 100 000) AIDS patients at the beginning of 2001, and 30 of them died during that year. At the end of the year there were 120 AIDS patients. Calculate the incidence.
50
What did John Snow discover?
What did John Snow discover?
Relationship between water wells in London and outbreaks of cholera
The average number of years an individual of a given age is expected to live if current age-specific mortality rates continue to apply?
The average number of years an individual of a given age is expected to live if current age-specific mortality rates continue to apply?
Life expectancy
What is the relationship between public health and medicine? (one correct)
PH is a subdivision of medicine
Medicine is a subdivision of PH
PH address more people than medicine
Medicine address more people than PH
What is the relationship between public health and medicine? (one correct)
PH is a subdivision of medicine
Medicine is a subdivision of PH
PH address more people than medicine
Medicine address more people than PH
