MCQs Flashcards
In which layer of the skin are keratinocytes surrounded by many desmosomes?
Stratum spinosum
Which drug blocks the activity of xanthine oxidase?
Allopurinol
What is the form of investigation to see a stress fracture?
Bone scintigraphy
Which drug is given as an irritant to stimulate intrinsic fibroblasts? What is it used as a treatment for?
Hyperosmolar dextrose
Used to treat enthesitis
What is the most common type of collagen found in cartilage at the articular joint?
Type II (hyaline)
After a fracture of the neck of the fibula, where can sensory dermatome for L5 be tested?
Big toe
Patient comes in with right superior gluteal nerve injury, positive trendelenburg, what are the findings?
Left hip dropping when standing on right leg
A child comes in with asthma and a family history of really dry itchy skin, what is the likely cause of his condition?
Atopic dermatitis
What is a sign of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Urticaria
What treatment brings the tow parts of the knee joint closer together?
- OA surgical procedure to realign joint
Osteotomy
In which stage of fracture healing is there fibrocartilage linking?
Soft callus
What atypical NSAID, anti-pyretic drug is used in OA?
Paracetamol
A man comes in after having a pole dropped on his leg. He has a tibial fracture, pallor, reduced posterior tibial and dorsals pedis uses and loss of sensation in affected leg? What treatment should be performed immediately?
Fasciotomy
**6Ps of musculoskeletal exam!
A girl falls from a tree and catches a branch damaging the inferior part of her brachial plexus. Which nerve roots are affected?
C8 and T1
How much blood can be lost in a pelvic fracture within 2 hours?
~2000mL
(due to presence of venous plexus)
(if anywhere else on the lower body, it will usually be ~500mL)
What is the most common reason for patient needing full knee joint replacement surgery?
Knee injury and obesity
A man comes in with lower back pain, which reduces with activity. He has no other symptoms other than loss of lumbar lordosis. He is 22 y/o. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Ankylosing spondylitis
What condition will show bamboo spine on x-ray?
Ankylosing spondylitis
What is an early complication of fractures, out affecting the long bones?
Fat embolism
(lecture says that infection is an early complication of any bone injury - but fat embolism is a general complication and most likely correct if infection is not an answer)
– Also is the fracture is closed then infection is less likely
What is destroyed in the synovium of OA?
Aggrecan
At what pressure do capillaries collapse?
~20 mmHg
delta pressure is >30 mmHg
Which ligament prevents the hyperextension of the hip?
Anterior iliofemoral
What myopathy is associated with statin use?
Rhabdomyolysis
What activity would be seen on an EMG with a myopathy?
Spontaneously active and constantly active signals
What triggers the onset of an initial trigger of gout?
Uncoating of urate crystals
What is a soft tissue deformity defined by ‘catching’, ‘snapping’ of the digits?
Trigger finger
What is the connective tissue between the ligament/tendon and bone?
Enthesis
What cell in the skin predominantly presents antigens to B and T cells?
Langerhan cells
What is secreted by osteoclasts to down regulate bone formation when there is normal levels of calcium?
Sclerotin
What is ponseti treatment used for?
Club foot/equinovarus
What is affected in Scheuermann’s disease?
Epiphyseal growth plate at the vertebrae
What causes a reduction of spinal lordosis and affects young males?
Ankylosing spondylitis
What is degraded in OA?
Aggrecan
What causes high urate levels to develop into gout?
Uncoating of crystal s
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is contact dermatitis an example of?
Type IV
What skin condition is common on the extensor surface?
Atopic dermatitis
What happens to chondrocytes in OA?
Form focal clumps/isogenic clusters
Will CDH give a +ve or -ve Trendelengurg sign?
+ve
What will a blood test +ve for osteomalacia show?
Reduced Ca2+ Reduced PO4 3- Increased alkaline phosphatase Increased PTH Reduced vitamin D
What monoclonal antibody can be used to inhibit rheumatoid factor?
Rituximab
What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis of the skin?
Keratinocytes
