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Loco > MCQs > Flashcards

MCQs Flashcards

1
Q

In which layer of the skin are keratinocytes surrounded by many desmosomes?

A

Stratum spinosum

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2
Q

Which drug blocks the activity of xanthine oxidase?

A

Allopurinol

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3
Q

What is the form of investigation to see a stress fracture?

A

Bone scintigraphy

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4
Q

Which drug is given as an irritant to stimulate intrinsic fibroblasts? What is it used as a treatment for?

A

Hyperosmolar dextrose

Used to treat enthesitis

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5
Q

What is the most common type of collagen found in cartilage at the articular joint?

A

Type II (hyaline)

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6
Q

After a fracture of the neck of the fibula, where can sensory dermatome for L5 be tested?

A

Big toe

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7
Q

Patient comes in with right superior gluteal nerve injury, positive trendelenburg, what are the findings?

A

Left hip dropping when standing on right leg

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8
Q

A child comes in with asthma and a family history of really dry itchy skin, what is the likely cause of his condition?

A

Atopic dermatitis

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9
Q

What is a sign of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?

A

Urticaria

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10
Q

What treatment brings the tow parts of the knee joint closer together?
- OA surgical procedure to realign joint

A

Osteotomy

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11
Q

In which stage of fracture healing is there fibrocartilage linking?

A

Soft callus

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12
Q

What atypical NSAID, anti-pyretic drug is used in OA?

A

Paracetamol

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13
Q

A man comes in after having a pole dropped on his leg. He has a tibial fracture, pallor, reduced posterior tibial and dorsals pedis uses and loss of sensation in affected leg? What treatment should be performed immediately?

A

Fasciotomy

**6Ps of musculoskeletal exam!

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14
Q

A girl falls from a tree and catches a branch damaging the inferior part of her brachial plexus. Which nerve roots are affected?

A

C8 and T1

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15
Q

How much blood can be lost in a pelvic fracture within 2 hours?

A

~2000mL
(due to presence of venous plexus)

(if anywhere else on the lower body, it will usually be ~500mL)

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16
Q

What is the most common reason for patient needing full knee joint replacement surgery?

A

Knee injury and obesity

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17
Q

A man comes in with lower back pain, which reduces with activity. He has no other symptoms other than loss of lumbar lordosis. He is 22 y/o. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

18
Q

What condition will show bamboo spine on x-ray?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

19
Q

What is an early complication of fractures, out affecting the long bones?

A

Fat embolism

(lecture says that infection is an early complication of any bone injury - but fat embolism is a general complication and most likely correct if infection is not an answer)
– Also is the fracture is closed then infection is less likely

20
Q

What is destroyed in the synovium of OA?

A

Aggrecan

21
Q

At what pressure do capillaries collapse?

A

~20 mmHg

delta pressure is >30 mmHg

22
Q

Which ligament prevents the hyperextension of the hip?

A

Anterior iliofemoral

23
Q

What myopathy is associated with statin use?

A

Rhabdomyolysis

24
Q

What activity would be seen on an EMG with a myopathy?

A

Spontaneously active and constantly active signals

25
Q

What triggers the onset of an initial trigger of gout?

A

Uncoating of urate crystals

26
Q

What is a soft tissue deformity defined by ‘catching’, ‘snapping’ of the digits?

A

Trigger finger

27
Q

What is the connective tissue between the ligament/tendon and bone?

A

Enthesis

28
Q

What cell in the skin predominantly presents antigens to B and T cells?

A

Langerhan cells

29
Q

What is secreted by osteoclasts to down regulate bone formation when there is normal levels of calcium?

A

Sclerotin

30
Q

What is ponseti treatment used for?

A

Club foot/equinovarus

31
Q

What is affected in Scheuermann’s disease?

A

Epiphyseal growth plate at the vertebrae

32
Q

What causes a reduction of spinal lordosis and affects young males?

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

33
Q

What is degraded in OA?

A

Aggrecan

34
Q

What causes high urate levels to develop into gout?

A

Uncoating of crystal s

35
Q

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is contact dermatitis an example of?

A

Type IV

36
Q

What skin condition is common on the extensor surface?

A

Atopic dermatitis

37
Q

What happens to chondrocytes in OA?

A

Form focal clumps/isogenic clusters

38
Q

Will CDH give a +ve or -ve Trendelengurg sign?

A

+ve

39
Q

What will a blood test +ve for osteomalacia show?

A 
Reduced Ca2+
Reduced PO4 3-
Increased alkaline phosphatase 
Increased PTH
Reduced vitamin D
40
Q

What monoclonal antibody can be used to inhibit rheumatoid factor?

A

Rituximab

41
Q

What is the most abundant cell type in the epidermis of the skin?

A

Keratinocytes

Loco (19 decks)

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