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Neuroscience from molecules to behaviour > MCQs > Flashcards

MCQs Flashcards

All of the in class mcqs

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the role of voltage gated potassium channels?

A

Mediate the falling phase of an action potential

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2
Q

What type of impairment resulted from encephalitis in Clive Wearing?

A

Loss of declarative memory

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3
Q

What is the structure of AMPA-type receptors?

A

Tetrameric

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4
Q

What type of receptors do NMDA-type receptors share structural similarities with?

A

Kainate receptors

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5
Q

The evolutionary origin of ionotropic-type Glutamate receptors has been traced back to the common ancestor of…

A

Eukaryotes and prokaryotes

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6
Q

Are CA3 pyramidal cells located pre or post synaptically to mossy fibres?

A

post-synaptically
(Perforant pathway-> granule cells -> mossy fibres -> CA3 pyramidal -> Schaffer colaterals -> CA1 -> back into the cortex)

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7
Q

What are the axons of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation?

A

The mossy fibres

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8
Q

What is the main mediating factor of LTP at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses?

A

An increase in the post-synaptic concentration of Calcium ions

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9
Q

What was Eric Kandel awarded a Nobel prize in 2000 for?

A

Research on Drosophila

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10
Q

Where is the Aplysia californica gill-withdrawal reflex, used for investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of learning and memory, located?

A

In the abdominal ganglia

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11
Q

What did analysis of the mechanisms of associative learning in the Aplysia gill-withdrawal reflex reveal about the pre-synaptic terminals of sensory neurons in the CS+ pathway?

A

Inhibition of pre-synaptic voltage gated potassium channels

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12
Q

what is an example of a co-incidence detector in synaptic plasticity?

A

Calmodulin-regulated Adenylyl cyclases

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13
Q

Who discovered learning mutants in the fruit fly?

A

Seymour Benzer

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14
Q

What defective gene of the Drosophila melanogaster learning mutant dunce encode for?

A

A cAMP-phosphodiesterase

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15
Q

Who discovered the main psychoactive constituent of Cannabis?

A

Raphael Mechoulam

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

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16
Q

What is the effect of a 10 mg/kg THC injection in mice?

A

Causes a decrease in locomotor activity

17
Q

What techniques allowed the first visualization of CB1-type cannabinoid receptors in the brain?

A

Autoradiography

18
Q

Which brain region has very high expression levels of the CB1-cannabinoid receptors?

A

The hippocampus

19
Q

What does CREB act as?

A

Transcription Factor

20
Q

What is the structure of GPCRs?

A

They have seven transmembrane domains

21
Q

Which system does the amygdala belong to?

A

The limbic system

22
Q

Which evidence supports the monoamine theory of depression?

A

MAOI and TAC such as reserpine reduce the symptoms of depression

23
Q

The neurotrophic theory of depression suggests that during chronic stress, BDNF expression ……………., contributing to ……………………. neurons.

A

A. decreases

B. atrophy of hippocampal

24
Q

What are the typical behavioural and bodily symptoms of depression?

A

Flat emotional response, excessive perspiration, suicidal ideation

25
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter implicated in schizophrenia?

A

Glutamate, dopamine and serotonin

26
Q

What is the explanation to the differences in male mating behaviours in vole proposed in Hammock and Young’s paper?

A

Genetic differences in the promoters of AVPR1a receptor gene associate with species differences in mating behaviour.

27
Q

What are the relevant neural circuits involved in pair bond formation in voles?

A

Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum

28
Q

The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene is associated with increased risk for depression when the carriers…

A

Are exposed to adverse environments in early life

29
Q

How is the link between asthma and schizophrenia explained by the immunological theory of schizophrenia?

A

There is a synergistic effect between genetic variants that predispose to neuroinflammation and respiratory inflammation

30
Q

What is the level of differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells?

A

They are multipotent

31
Q

What is a peculiar characteristic of Adult Neural Stem Cells?

A

They can integrate into existing neural circuits, as shown in mice.

32
Q

What type of research is not suitable for iPSCs?

A

They are not useful in the investigation of mechanisms of neural development in vitro as they do not mimic brain development in a dish

33
Q

With regard to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Intellectual Disability (ID)?

A

Angelman syndrome has features of ASD/ID

34
Q

What is disrupted during neuro-degenerative disorders?

A

Nuclear organisation is often disrupted in neuro-degenerative disorders.

Neuroscience from molecules to behaviour (5 decks)

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