MCQs Flashcards
All of the in class mcqs
What is the role of voltage gated potassium channels?
Mediate the falling phase of an action potential
What type of impairment resulted from encephalitis in Clive Wearing?
Loss of declarative memory
What is the structure of AMPA-type receptors?
Tetrameric
What type of receptors do NMDA-type receptors share structural similarities with?
Kainate receptors
The evolutionary origin of ionotropic-type Glutamate receptors has been traced back to the common ancestor of…
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Are CA3 pyramidal cells located pre or post synaptically to mossy fibres?
post-synaptically
(Perforant pathway-> granule cells -> mossy fibres -> CA3 pyramidal -> Schaffer colaterals -> CA1 -> back into the cortex)
What are the axons of the granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation?
The mossy fibres
What is the main mediating factor of LTP at hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses?
An increase in the post-synaptic concentration of Calcium ions
What was Eric Kandel awarded a Nobel prize in 2000 for?
Research on Drosophila
Where is the Aplysia californica gill-withdrawal reflex, used for investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of learning and memory, located?
In the abdominal ganglia
What did analysis of the mechanisms of associative learning in the Aplysia gill-withdrawal reflex reveal about the pre-synaptic terminals of sensory neurons in the CS+ pathway?
Inhibition of pre-synaptic voltage gated potassium channels
what is an example of a co-incidence detector in synaptic plasticity?
Calmodulin-regulated Adenylyl cyclases
Who discovered learning mutants in the fruit fly?
Seymour Benzer
What defective gene of the Drosophila melanogaster learning mutant dunce encode for?
A cAMP-phosphodiesterase
Who discovered the main psychoactive constituent of Cannabis?
Raphael Mechoulam
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
What is the effect of a 10 mg/kg THC injection in mice?
Causes a decrease in locomotor activity
What techniques allowed the first visualization of CB1-type cannabinoid receptors in the brain?
Autoradiography
Which brain region has very high expression levels of the CB1-cannabinoid receptors?
The hippocampus
What does CREB act as?
Transcription Factor
What is the structure of GPCRs?
They have seven transmembrane domains
Which system does the amygdala belong to?
The limbic system
Which evidence supports the monoamine theory of depression?
MAOI and TAC such as reserpine reduce the symptoms of depression
The neurotrophic theory of depression suggests that during chronic stress, BDNF expression ……………., contributing to ……………………. neurons.
A. decreases
B. atrophy of hippocampal
What are the typical behavioural and bodily symptoms of depression?
Flat emotional response, excessive perspiration, suicidal ideation
What is the main neurotransmitter implicated in schizophrenia?
Glutamate, dopamine and serotonin
What is the explanation to the differences in male mating behaviours in vole proposed in Hammock and Young’s paper?
Genetic differences in the promoters of AVPR1a receptor gene associate with species differences in mating behaviour.
What are the relevant neural circuits involved in pair bond formation in voles?
Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum
The 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene is associated with increased risk for depression when the carriers…
Are exposed to adverse environments in early life
How is the link between asthma and schizophrenia explained by the immunological theory of schizophrenia?
There is a synergistic effect between genetic variants that predispose to neuroinflammation and respiratory inflammation
What is the level of differentiation of embryonic neural stem cells?
They are multipotent
What is a peculiar characteristic of Adult Neural Stem Cells?
They can integrate into existing neural circuits, as shown in mice.
What type of research is not suitable for iPSCs?
They are not useful in the investigation of mechanisms of neural development in vitro as they do not mimic brain development in a dish
With regard to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and Intellectual Disability (ID)?
Angelman syndrome has features of ASD/ID
What is disrupted during neuro-degenerative disorders?
Nuclear organisation is often disrupted in neuro-degenerative disorders.
