MCQs Flashcards
1
Q
Main functions of basophil granulocytes
A synthesis of complements
B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements
C phagocytosis
D histamine production
E same as the function of eosinophil ones
A
D
2
Q
Role of IL6 in B cell maturation A costimulation B improving MHC expression C activation of Th1 cells D terminal differentiation in B cell maturation to plasma cell E very similar to the function of IL1
A
D
3
Q
Antibodies in the organism
A in blood plasma and in lymph
B in blood plasma, in lymph, on B and T cell surfaces
C in blood plasma, in lymph, on T cell surfaces
D in blood plasma, in lymph, on B cell surfaces
E in lymph, on T cell surfaces
A
D
4
Q
Cytokine receptors are characterized A with high affinity and in small number B with high affinity and in great number C with low affinity and in small number D with low affinity and in great number E belonging to the integrin super family
A
A
5
Q
Chemotactic substance A IL-6 B IL-7 C IL-8 D IL-9 E IL-4
A
C
6
Q
The immunoglobulin classes found on B cell surfaces in the beginning of maturation A IgM and IgD B IgG or IgE C IgG D either of the immunoglobulins E IgE
A
A
7
Q
Extravasation of lymphocytes
A cells avoid HEV
B process through the nuclear membrane helped by selectins andlectins
C process helped by diverse adhesive proteins
D integrins, CD44 and T cell receptors cooperate in it
E macrophage migration
A
C
8
Q
Which statements is valid for HEV-s?
A they are found in all immune organs
B they are special postcapillary venules found permanently in lymph
nodes and GALT
C tissue lymphocytes enter the circulation through their wall
D lymphocytes quit circulation and enter the red pulp through their wall
E in spleen they are important entry sites of lymphocytes
A
B
9
Q
Complement genes in the MHC III region A C1, C2, C3 B C2, C3, C4 C C2, C3, B D C2, C4, B E None of above is correct.
A
D
10
Q
Size of the peptide in MHC II A random B approx. 10-24 amino acids C 9-10 amino acids D 3-4 amino acids E 8-9 nucleotides
A
B
11
Q
Mutual inhibitiors: A IFNg and TNFa B IFNg and MHC expression C IL-4 and IL-5 D IL-4 and IgE E IFNg and IL-4
A
E
12
Q
IgG mediated pathological process: A 1. type hypersensitivity reaction B 2. type hypersensitivity reaction C 3. type hypersensitivity reaction D 4. type hypersensitivity reaction E 5. type hypersensitivity reaction
A
B
13
Q
Immune reactions are sensitive since
A they are carried about by activated cells
B activated cells and antibodies contribute to them
C amplifying mechanisms operate in immune activations
D inborn reactions serve for them
E they are adaptive
A
C
14
Q
The role of antibodies in the immune response to tumors
A in most cases they inhibit the effective immune response
B in all cases they promote the effective immune response
C by inactivating complements they promote the effective immune
response
D they inhibit NK cells
E they have no role in the immune response to tumor cells
A
A
15
Q
Defense mechanisms against soluble bacterial toxins A interferons B antibodies C T cytotoxic lymphocytes D NK cells E keratinocytes
A
B
16
Q
Bacteria are recognized by lectins through
A cell wall peptides
B complement factors
C carbohydrates
D Fc portion of the binding immunoglobulins
E IgE
A
C
17
Q
The process of phagocytosis is directly not involved in A antibody synthesis B elimination C antigen presentation D inflammation E bacterial killing
A
A
18
Q
A non-local process A complement activation B platelet aggregation C chemotaxis D acute phase reaction E graft versus host reaction
A
D
19
Q
MHC "mimicri" is A an effective protection against autoimmune diseases B favoring infectious diseases C observed in case of MHC II D observed in case of MHC I E observed in case of MHC III
A
B
20
Q
The appearance of TCR without CD3 A on T memory cells B in T cell maturation in the bone marrow C never D TCR is never in complex with CD3 E transiently in double positive T cells
A
C
21
Q
Secondary immune organs are for
A antigen recognition and activation of lymphocytes
B distinction between self and non-self
C the assembly of antigen recognizing lymphocytes
D antigen presentation
E secondary immune response
A
A
22
Q
Cytokine of Th1 character A IFN alpha B IFN beta C IFN gamma D IFN omega E IL-6
A
C
23
Q
Effective defense mechanisms against tumor cells A complement B antibody and complement C Th cells D T cytotoxic and NK cells E antibodies
A
D
24
Q
Role of fetal liver A Excretion. B Source of fetal immunoglobulins C Source of bone marrow stem cell D Same as in the adult liver E The destination of T-cell migration
A
C
25
```
Cytokines are pleiotropic since
A they act in concert with other cytokines
B they have different functions
C they are specific for the antigen
D they are not specific for the antigen
E they act in a consecutive manner
```
B
26
Case of MHC incompatibility
A Anti-D antobody is given to avoid complications
B has importance only in bone marrow transplantation
C immunological rejection follows
D T cells die by programmed cell death
E when immunoglobulins do not transfer from maternal to fetal spaces
C
27
B lymphocyte entering the lymph node dies if:
```
A it is reached by antigen
B it is not reached by antigen
C it does not recognize self MHC
D it reacts with self MHC
E In both case of C and D
```
B
28
```
It has IgE binding capacity
A Fc gamma receptors
B Fc alpha receptors
C CD23
D CD44
E CD1
```
C
29
Choose the wrong answer! Characteristics of T-independent antigens
A Some of them are mitogenic at high concentration (induce polyclonal
B cell activation)
B They are the smaller fraction of the environmental antigens
C They are able to cross-link the B cell antigen receptor
D They induce memory
E They do not induce isotype switch
D
30
```
It elevates permeability and has chemotactic activity:
A C1q
B C2
C C3
D C3a
E C3b
```
D
31
```
Biological roles of the complement system
A antibody production against bacteria
B cellular immunity against bacteria
C lysis of bacteria
D inhibition of bacterial multiplication
E inhibition of viral multiplication
```
C
32
Fc receptors
A soluble proteins
B autoantibodies
C membrane receptors interacting with MHC
D membrane receptors interacting with IgG Fc region
E cytokine antagonists
D
33
Genetic background of MHC polymorphism
A several polymorphic sites in the introns
B several polymorphic sites in the exons
C no introns in the genes
D genetic rearrangement in the bone marrow
E sister chromatid exchange
B
34
```
The location of MHC in the genome
A regulated by oncogenes
B changes with phylogeny
C became fixed in phylogeny
D X or Y chromosome may contain
E Only on Y chromosomes
```
C
35
```
The place of affinity maturation:
A Bone marrow
B Thymus
C Embryonic liver cell
D Periphery
E Every place along the whole B cell ontogenesis
```
D
36
```
Myeloperoxidase is acting in this kind of cells
A neutrophilic granulocyte
B macrophage
C eosinophilic granulocyte
D B cell
E plasma cell
```
A
37
```
IgA is found
A in body fluids
B in T cell receptors of body fluids
C in B cell surface receptor complex
D in T cell surface receptor complex
E as a dimmer of Ig alpha
```
A
38
```
Ligands for Fc-gamma receptors
A N terminus of IgG
B C terminus of IgG
C C terminus of IgM
D C terminus of immunoglobulin light chain
E N terminus of kappa chain
```
B
39
```
The receptor of HIV is
A CD2
B CD3
C CD4
D CD8
```
C
40
The way of action of cytotoxic T cells is
A cytokine production
B killer activity on MHC Class II/exogenous antigen peptide presenting
cells
C killer activity on MHC Class I/endogeneous antigen peptide
presenting cells
D they produce cytotoxic antibodies
C
41
```
It has pentameric form in the plasma
A IgG
B IgA
C IgE
D IgM
```
D
42
```
The regulation of Ig class switch is mediated by
A genetic program
B steroid hormones
C cytotoxic T cells
D helper T cells
```
D
43
```
The variable parts of the immunoglobulins are at
A C terminal of the chains
B N terminal of the chains
C in the middle of the molecule
D in the plasma membrane
```
B
44
```
Both immunoglobulins and T cell receptors are characterized by
A fibrillar shape
B domain like globular structure
C DNA binding feature
D hydrophobic nature
```
B
45
```
The major source of heterogeneity of Igs and TCRs
A MHC polymorphism
B somatic mutations
C inheritance
D gene rearrangement
```
D
46
```
The number of hypervariable regions in Igs and TCRs is
A 3
B 30
C 300
D more
```
A
47
The number of thymocytes during the maturation
A increases
B decreases
C after antigen stimuli it increases
D after antigen stimuli it is not changed
B
48
Negative selection in thymus means
A cells recognizing the MHC die
B cells failing to recognize the MHC die
C cells recognizing MHC + self antigen die
D cells recognizing MHC + foreign antigen die
C
49
```
The most important effect of IL-2
A induces T cell differentiation
B induces T cell proliferation
C induces B cell differentiation
D induces B cell proliferation
```
B
50
The peptides from the endogenous antigens are presented together with
A MHC Class I antigens
B MHC Class II antigens
C the cellular antigens with MHC Class I, the soluble ones with MHC
Class II antigens
D depends on the actual activation of antigen presenting cell
A
51
The fate of the endogenous antigens within the antigen presenting cells
A they enter the lysosomes, but escape the enzymatic degradation
B they never enter the lysosomes, therefore remain intact
C peptides are generated in the proteosomes
D they remain intact if entering the proteosomes
C
52
```
MHC Class I complex binds peptides of a size
A 10-24
B 9-10
C 3-4
D random size
```
B
53
```
MHC Class II antigen/peptide complex recognized by
A macrophages
B B lymphocytes
C CD4 + (helper) T cells
D CD8 + cytotoxic T cells
```
C
54
```
CD8 chain binds to
A Variable part of MHC I
B Variable part of MHC II
C Constant part of MHC I
D Constant part of MHC II
```
C
55
```
This property is not true for an antigen recognizing molecule
A specificity
B connection with amplifying mechanisms
C the specificity is inherited
D expressed by lymphocytes
```
C
56
```
This substance does not have chemotactic effect
A C3a
B C3b
C IL-8
D bacterial peptides
```
B
57
```
Which receptor has no role in phagocytosis
A FcR
B C3R
C IL-2R
D Lectin R
```
C
58
```
This factor has a negative regulatory effect in phagocytosis
A IL-4
B IL-9
C corticosteroids
D gamma interferon
```
C
59
```
These cells have no signaling function in inflammation
A B lymphocytes
B keratinocytes
C macrophages
D fibroblasts
```
A
60
```
Belongs to the acute phase proteins
A albumin
B complement receptors
C IL-6
D IL-1
```
A
61
```
The concentration of CRP in acute phase
A increases 1.5-2 fold
B increases 10 fold
C increases 100 fold or more
D decreases
```
C
62
```
Tumor escape can be due to
A Enhanced MHC expression
B Decreased MHC expression
C Increased soluble MHC
D Expression of monomorphic MHC
```
B
63
```
Which cytokine promotes angiogenesis around the tumor
A IL-1
B TNF-beta
C TGF- beta
D IL-6
```
C
64
```
This effector mechanism seems to play no role in anti-tumor immunity
A IgE-dependent allergic mechanism
B cytotoxic T cells
C NK cells
D activated macrophages
```
A
65
The natural autoantibodies are
A low affinity, cross-reacting autoantibodies
B high affinity, cross-reacting autoantibodies
C low affinity, monospecific autoantibodies
D high affinity, monospecific autoantibodies
A
66
Type I hypersensitivity reaction is characterised by
A IgE response related to immediate reactions
B Antibodies
C Antigen-antibody complexes
D Delayed type cellular reactions
A
67
```
Immune response against intracellular bacteria is mediated mostly by
A IgE and eosinophils
B antibodies and/or complement
C Cytotoxic T cells
D activated macrophages
```
D
68
What is immunological “homunculus”?
A Regulatory interaction between nervous and immune system
B Obligate reaction of the immune system to dominant antigens
C Cortical projection of immune mechanisms
D Set of lymphocytes, generating anti-idiotypic antibodies.
B
69
```
(after midterm material) The autoimmune diseases are
A caused by autoantibodies
B inherited disorders
C enhanced by estrogens
E always systemic
```
C
70
```
The reaction of the immune system to the “non-self” antigens is
A recognition and elimination
B immune tolerance
C presentation and antibody formation
D can be ignorance
```
D
71
Extravasation of lymphocytes
A cells avoid HEV
B process through the nuclear membrane helped by selectins and
lectins
C process helped by diverse adhesive proteins
D integrins, CD44 and T cell receptors cooperate in it
C
72
```
“Homing” receptors
A are found on the surface of macrophages
B found on lymphocytes
C found on endothelial cells
D found only on activated B cells
```
B
73
```
Gene of the cytokine located in region MHC III
A IL-1
B IFN gamma
C TNF-alpha
D TGF beta
```
C
74
```
Defense mechanisms against bacterial toxins
A activated macrophages
B antibody and complement
C T cytotoxic lymphocytes
D NK cells
```
B
75
```
“Invariant” gamma chain has its role in
A processing of exogenous antigens
B processing of endogenous antigens
C synthesis of MHC II molecules
D synthesis of MHC I molecules
```
A
76
```
Positive feed-back happens in complement activation due to
A binding of factor B to C4b
B binding of C3 to C4
C MAC containing several C9
D binding of factor B to C3b
```
D
77
```
Th1-like cytokines are produced by
A NK cells
B eosinophil granulocyte
C basophil granulocyte
D erythroblast
```
A
78
```
Effector with no role in effective defense against tumors
A T cytotoxic cell
B NK cell
C IgE dependent allergy reaction
D activated macrophages
```
C
79
```
Primary selection in the thymus
A negative selection
B positive selection
C random selection
D spontaneous cell death
```
B
80
```
Do not belong to adhesive molecules
A integrins
B CD44
C selectins
D CD34
```
D
81
```
Defensins in structure are
A cyclic nucleotides
B proteins connected with heme
C aromatic hydrocarbons
D cyclic peptides
```
D
82
```
Concentration of albumin in acute phase reaction
A increases by 1.5-2 times
B increases by 10 times
C increases by 100 or more
D decreases
```
D
83
High affinity FcEpsilon receptors are
A on B lymphocytes
B on B and T lymphocytes
C on basophil granulocytes and mast cells
D on neutrophil granulocytes and plasma cells
C
84
Adhesive proteins play part in
A interaction of phagocytes and foreign particles
B interaction leukocytes and the extracellular matrix
C majority of cell-to-cell interactions
D Ig and TCR gene rearrangement
C
85
```
Main function of neutrophil granulocyte
A synthesis of complements
B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements
C phagocytosis
D histamine synthesis
```
C
86
Antibody polypeptide chains are held together by ionic bonds
A only in cell surface B cell receptor complex
B in antibody molecules of body fluids
C covalent ester bonds have also a role
D covalent disulphide bonds have also a role
D
87
```
Main function of neutrophil granulocyte
A synthesis of complements
B phagocytosis and synthesis of complements
C phagocytosis
D histamine synthesis
```
C
88
```
Tumor escape can be due to
A Enhanced MHC expression
B Decreased MHC expression
C Increased soluble MHC
D Expression of monomorphic MHC
```
B
89
```
Cells having IL-6 receptors before inflammation
A mesodermal cells
B liver cells
C pituitary cells
D macrophages
```
D
90
The T helper 1 and T helper 2 cells differ from each other in
A their cytotoxicity
B cytokine pattern
C Th1 enhances humoral immunity, Th2 decreases it
D Th1 are mor matured cells
B
91
```
The secondary immune response has
A longer latency and higher amplitude
B shorter latency and higher amplitude
C longer latency and lower amplitude
D shorter latency and lower amplitude
```
B
92
```
The background of affinity maturation is
A effect of T helper cells and cytokines
B Ig class switch
C dimerization of surface immunoglobulins
D mutations during divisions
```
D
93
```
Monoclonal antibodies are
A products of artificially fused T cells
B products of artificially fused B cells
C Homogeneous inactive, immunoglobulin-like protein
D antibodies without light chains
```
B
94
Which of the statements is false
A the concentration of cytokines in plasma is regularly low
B the cytokines are multifunctional molecules
C the cytokines are antigen-specific
D the cytokines are redundant
C
95
```
They are professional phagocytes, except:
A macrophages
B basophils
C neutrophils
D monocytes
```
B
96
```
Role of IL-6 in B cell maturation
A costimulation
B improving MHC expression
C activation of Th1 cells
D terminal differentiation if B cell maturation to plasma cell
```
D
97
```
The rearrangement is performed at the level of
A DNA
B mRNA
C protein
D all three
```
D
98
```
The size of TCR repertoire is approximately
A 1 million
B 100 million
C 1 billion
D more
```
D
99
```
This is not an antigen presenting cell
A B lymphocyte
B macrophage
C dendritic cells
D neutrophil granulocyte
```
D
100
Immunoglobulins are
A tetramers of 2 heavy and 2 light chains
B dimers of heavy and light chains
C dimers of heavy or dimers of light chains
D non covalent tetramers of heavy and light chains
A
101
```
CD4 chain binds to
A variable part of MHC I
B variable part of MHCII
C constant part of MHC I
D constant part of MHC II
```
D
102
```
The MHC antigens are
A intracellular proteins
B plasma membrane glycoproteins
C nuclear proteins
D soluble proteins
```
B
103
```
The MHC Class I antigens are
A homodimers of a variable chain
B heterodimers of a variable and a constant (beta-2 microglobulin) chain
C heterodimers of two variable chains
D heterodimers of two constant chains
```
B
104
```
Cytokine with central significance in inflammation
A IL-4
B IL-5
C IL-6
D IL-8
```
C
105
The redundancy of the cytokines means
A one cytokine has mostly more than one function
B there are many cytokines in the body fluids
C the cytokines are acting on each other
D one physiological function is regulated by many cytokines
D
106
```
Crucial element in type III hypersensitivity
A IgE
B IgG antibodies
C immunocomplexes
D T cells
```
C
107
```
Complement protein acting only in alternative complement pathway
A C3
B B
C C2
D C5
```
B
