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FORENSICS EXAM > Mcqs > Flashcards

Mcqs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of primer? ( )
АTo maintain the temperature of the PCR reaction.
B To create DNA nucleotides.
C To identify the particular region of DNA to be copies by PCR.
D To copy DNA.

A

C- To identify the particular region of DNA

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2
Q

Different from Capillary Electrophoresis, Next Generation Sequencing have the ability to ( ).
А protein detection
B distinguish alleles of similar length
C distinguish alleles of different length
D mDNA detection
E STR detection

A

B distinguish alleles of similar length

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3
Q

Forensic genetics is a scientific subject that uses () as a research object and
aims at providing scientific
evidence.
A video footage from the scene
B environmental conditions, such as temperature
C forensic biological samples
D testimony of witness
E information from social media accounts

A

C forensic biological samples

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4
Q

The handbook entitled () written by Song Ci (1186-1249) has been considered the first systematic book on forensic medicine in history.
A Complete Crime Scene Investigation Handbook
B Eureka’ moment
C Edwin Smith Papyrus
D Xi Yuan Ji Lu (The Washing Away of Wrong)

A

D Xi Yuan Ji Lu (The Washing Away of Wrong)

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5
Q

The basic building block of the DNA molecule is the (). This comprises a triphosphate group, a deoxyribose
A deoxyribose sugar, adenine
B nucleotide triphosphate, one of four bases
C deoxyribose sugar, one of four bases
D nucleotide triphosphate, adenine

A

B nucleotide triphosphate, one of four bases

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6
Q

What are the base-paring rules in DNA? ()
А A-U, G-C
B A-C, G-T
C A-T, G-C
D A-C, G-U

A

C A-T, G-C

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7
Q

Spectacle hemorrhage (raccoon’s eyes) - a discoloration of the tissues around the eyes usually due to a fracture of
A hemorrhage
B skull
C nose
D eye

A

B skull

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8
Q

Which is not the gross features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ()
А left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
B small left ventricular chamber cavity
C asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy
D Massive pulmonary embolism

A

D Massive pulmonary embolism

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9
Q

(), also referred as variable number tandem repeats[VNTRs], were the first polymorphisms used in DNA profiling
А Single Nucleotide polymorphism
B Short Tandem Repeats
C Minisatellites
D DNA fingerprinting

A

C minisatellites

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10
Q

PCR happens in 3 steps (denaturing, annealing, extending) or 1 “cycle”. How many times cycles typically
A 10
B 30
C Over 1 billion
D 1

A

B 30

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11
Q

At what temperature does the Denature step of PCR occur? ()
А 50 °C
B 72 °C
C 95 °C
D Any temperature

A

C 95°C

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12
Q

What happens in the Denature step of PCR? ( )
A The base-pairing rules for DNA are reversed.
B The DNA nucleotides are broken apart.
C The double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands of DNA.
D The DNA is returned its natural setting.

A

C The double-stranded DNA is separated into tiro single strands of DNA.

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13
Q

() refers to injury of the body by forceful impact, falls, or physical attack with a dull object
A sharp force injuries
B blunt force injuries
C asphyxia
D fire arm injuries

A

B blunt force injuries

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14
Q

Injuries produced by pointed objects or objects with sharp edges are referred to as ().
A blunt force injuries
B sharp force injuries
C firearm injuries
D asphyxia

A

B sharp force injuries

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15
Q

The toxic effects of MDMA including

A All of the above
B Mental dependence
C Hallucinogenic effects
D Excitatory effect

A

A - all of the above

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16
Q

Human Identification refers to ()
А Identify whether the expertise report is correct or not
B Identify the aspects of the suspect
C Identify the source of biological materials left on the crime scene
D Identify the testimony/attestation of the suspect and victim
E Identity the name of victim

A

C identify the source of biological materials left on the crime scene

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17
Q

PCR-based methods have greatly enabled forensic DNA analysis for the following reasons: ( )

A All the above statements.

B DNA degraded to fragments only a few hundred base pairs in length can serve as effective templates for amplification.

C Large numbers of copies of specific DNA sequences can be amplified simultaneously with multiplex
PCR reactions.

D) Very small amounts of DNA template may be used - even as little as from a single cell.

A

A- all of the above

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18
Q

The most valuable indicator of electrocution is )

A arborescent marking or dendritic pattern
B electrical burns
C electric metallization of skin
D electric mark

A

D - electric mark

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19
Q

(),or stiffening of the body after death, is due to the disappearance of adenosine triphosphate [ATP] from muscle.

A rigor mortis
B livor mortis
C palior mortis
D algor mortis

A

A - rigor mortis

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20
Q

Biotransformation mainly done in()
АBrain
B Liver
C Kidney
D Lung

A

B- liver

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21
Q

Which of the following best describes the role of primers? ()
А Cause DNA strands to separate
B Frame the beginning and end of the target sequence
C Heat the sample
D Copy the DNA

A

B Frame the beginning and end of the target sequence

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22
Q

All gunpowder residue is on the edges or in the depths of a wound.( )

A close range
B intermediate range
C tight contact
D loose contact

A

A- close range

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23
Q

According to nature, death can divide into ( ) death.
А suicidal and homicidal death
B homicidal and accidental death
C natural and accidental death
D violent and natural death

A

D violent and natural death

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24
Q

() the first stage of death, is an after-death paleness that occurs 15 to 20 minutes after death
А livor mortis
B rigor mortis
C pallor mortis
D algor mortis

A

C- pallor mortis

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25
Q

A cell structure that contains genetic information along strands of DNA. ( )
А DNA
B Chromosome
C Allele
D RNA

A

B - chromosome

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26
Q

Organophosphates belong to (
A Corrosive poisons
B Metal poisons
C Pesticides
D Gaseous poisons

A

C - pesticides

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27
Q

From where does Taq polymerase come?
A The rain forest
B Bacteria that live in hydrothermal vents/hot springs.
C The CDC
D Cambodia

A

B Bacteria that live in hydrothermal vents/hot springs.

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28
Q

Which belong to heroin metabolites in the body ()
A narcotine
B papaverine
C morphine
D thebaine

A

C- morphine

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29
Q

Segment of DNA in a chromosome that contains information used to produce a protein or an RNA molecule. ()
А Chromosome
B Allele
C Gene
D mDNA

A

C - gene

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30
Q

Pattern of DNA fragments () obtained by examining a person’s unique sequence of DNA pairs.
А Chromosome
B DNA Fingerprint
C DNA molecules
D Allele

A

B- DNA fingerprint

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31
Q

Which of the following statements is not correct?

A The scene does not need to be examined for bullets and cartridges.

B Handguns and rifles fire ammunition or cartridges composed of a primer, gunpowder or propellant, and a bullet or projectile.

C Exit wounds may be circular like entrance wounds, but they are more often irregular in shape.

D Entrance and exit wounds are generally easy to differentiate. Entrance wounds tend to be circular defects with a thin rim of abrasion caused by a bullet scraping and perforating the skin.

A

A The scene does not need to be examined for bullets and cartridges.

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32
Q

Which poison is binding GABAA receptor ( )

А methcathinone
B chlorpromazine
C methylamphetamine
D caffeine

A

B chlorpromazine

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33
Q

The disease or injury that produces the physiological disruption in the body resulting in the death of the individual, e.g., gunshot wound of the chest.( )
A mechanism of death
B cause of death
C manner of death
D brain death

A

B - cause of death

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34
Q

nullA typical electric mark does not include any of the following ( )
A Peripheral hyperemic ring
B The basal layer cells elongate longitudinally and the nuclei are hyperchromatic
C Central depression and surrounding uplift
D contusion wheel

A

D - contusion wheel

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35
Q

nullA molecule that cuts a DNA molecule at a specific, base sequence. ( )
А Allele
B Restriction Enzyme
C DNA Probe
D STR

A

B- restriction enzyme

36
Q

The most psychoactive and powerful active ingredient in cannabis is( )
A Cannabidiol
B Marijuana
C Cannabinolic acid
D Tetrahydrocannabinol

A

D Tetrahydrocannabinol

37
Q

Which of the following statements about the advantages of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP)
analysis is correct? ( )
А- High powers of discrimination
B- Large number of (20 to 30 bins) at each locus which facilitates mixed sample analysis
C- A and B
D - Less time-consuming

A

C -

38
Q

a branch of medicine that applies the principles and knowledge of the medical sciences to problems in the field of law.
A Forensic Pathology
B Forensic Toxicology
C Forensic Genetics
D Clinical Forensic Medicine

A

A forensic pathology

39
Q

Which on of the following statement is true ( )
А Low volume of distribution is hydrophobic and distribution in tissues
B Low volume of distribution is hydrophilic and strong plasma protein binding
C High volume of distribution is hydrophilic and strong plasma protein binding
D High volume of distribution is hydrophilic and distribution in tissues

A

B Low volume of distribution is hydrophilic and strong plasma protein binding

40
Q

CO will form () which may lead to anoxia and death.
А НbСО
B HbO2
C Hb
D MetHb

A

A HbCO

41
Q

Why does PCR require a specific type of polymerase? ( )
А Taq polymerase is the most common type of polymerase.
B A specific type of polymerase is unnecessary.
C Taq polymerase is the most inexpensive type of polymerase.
D Taq polymerase can withstand the range of temperatures in PCR without denaturing.

A

D Taq polymerase can withstand the range of temperatures in PCR without denaturing.

42
Q

Which of the following statement is not an application for forensic personal identification? ( )
А Paternity testing
B Mass disasters
C conviction
D Forensic cases matching suspect with evidence

A

C conviction

43
Q

Heroin is (
A Diacetylmorphine
B Dihydroetorphine
C Morphine
D Monoacetylmorphine

A

A Diacetylmorphine

44
Q

Decomposition involves two processes: (D) and putrefaction.
) is the breakdown of cells and organs through
an aseptic chemical process caused by intracellular enzymes.
A mummification
B autolysis
C putrefaction
D Marbling

A

B - autolysis

45
Q

What happens during the Anneal step of PCR? ( )
А Primers sequence DNA.
B The primers attach to the target DNA region.
C Primers are created.
D Primers copy the new DNA strand.

A

B The primers attach to the target DNA region.

46
Q

STR (or microsatellite) loci consist of simple tandem repeated sequences of () in length.
А 20-100 bp
B 10-60bp
C 2-6 bp
D 10-20 bp

A

C 2-6 bp

47
Q

Which of the following is not complications of myocardial infarction( )
А aortic aneurysm
B cardiac rupture
C papillary muscle rupture
D mural thrombus

A

А aortic aneurysm

48
Q

() is the name used to describe the normal cooling of a body after death as it equilibrates with the ambient temperature.
A livor mortis
B algor mortis
C pallor mortis
D rigor mortis

A

B algor mortis

49
Q

The father of the forensic toxicology is( )
A Jean Servais Stas
B Gettler
C Orfila
D Plenic

A

C orfila

50
Q

Categories of medicolegal case.()
А Deaths in custody
B Suspicious deaths
C A, B, C, D. and E
D. Violent deaths
E Sudden and unexpected deaths
F Unattended deaths

A

C

51
Q

Which is barbituric acid derivatives()
А chlorpromazine
B diazepam
C clozapine
D phenobarbital

A

D phenobarbital

52
Q

() describes the reddish-purple discoloration in dependent portions of the body due to the accumulation of blood in dilated vessels by gravity.
A pallor mortis
B rigor mortis
C livor mortis
D algor mortis

A

C livor mortis

53
Q

() - bleeding directly under the skull on top of the dura mater.
A hemorrhage
B subarachnoid hemorrhage
C subdural hemorrhage
D epidural hemorrhage

A

D epidural hemorrhage

54
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE? ()
А An early use of DNA fingerprinting was in legal disputes, notably to help solve crimes and to determine paternity.
B All the above statements.
C DNA fingerprinting has led to the conviction of numerous criminals and to the freeing from prison
of many individuals who were wrongly convicted.
D DNA fingerprinting, also called DNA typing. DNA profiling, genetic fingerprinting, genotyping, or identity testing, in genetics, method of isolating and identifying variable elements within the base-pair sequence of DNA (deoxymbonucleic acid).

A

B All the above statements.

55
Q

Early postmortem changes not including:( )

А cadaveric spasm
B rigor Mortis
C livor mortis
D mummification

A

D mummification

56
Q

How many chromosome pairs make up the human genome?
A 46
B 22
C 23
D 24

A

C 23

57
Q
  1. The term of Discrimination Power (DP) is used to assess the () (1.0)
    A. The power of excluding a person with the same typing profile.
    B. The power of including a person with the same typing profile.
    C. The power of excluding a person without the same typing profile.
    D. The power of including a person without the same typing profile.
    E. All the above statements are wrong.
A

C - others

58
Q

The legal limits of BAC are between () in China
A 0.02g/dL and 0.08g/dL
B 0.03g/dL and 0.07g/dL
C 0.02g/dL and 0.09g/dL
D 0.05g/dL and 0.10g/dL

A

A 0.02g/dL and 0.08g/dL

59
Q

The four major classes of biological macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and
A cell
B STR
C amino acid
D nucleic acids

A

D nucleic acids

60
Q

Which of the following statements about the major duties of the forensic pathologist is not correct? ( )
А To identify the deceased if unknown
B To refuse expert testimony if the case goes to trial
C To determine the cause and manner of death
D To determine the time of death and injury

A

B To refuse expert testimony if the case goes to trial

61
Q

An alternate form of a gene. ( )
А locus
B Chromosome
C Allele
D Gene

A

C allele

62
Q

The third generation sequencing has great potential in investigating the ( ).
A structural variant of DNA or RNA
B Subcellular localization information
C structural variant of protein
D protein chemical modification
E protein function

A

A structural variant of DNA or RNA

63
Q

Why did STRs replace RFLP as the method of choice in modern forensic DNA analysis? ()
A All the above statements
B Multiplex amplification with fluorescence detection enables high power of discrimination in a single test
C Numerous alleles per locus aid mixture interpretation
D Small product sizes are generally compatible with degrade DNA and PCR enable recovery of information from small amounts of material

A

A all of the above

64
Q

The majority of the STR loci that are used in forensic genetics are tetranucleotide repeats, which have a ( repeat motif.
A 2 bp
B 3 bp
C 4 bp
D 5 bp

A

C 4bp

65
Q

At what temperature does the Extension step of PCR occur? ( )
А 95 °C
B Any temperature
C 50 - 65 °C
D 72 °C

A

D 72

66
Q

Which of the following statements about the advantages and disadvantages of Lineage markers is correct? ( )
А Lower power of discrimination due to no genetic shuffling with recombination.
B Family members have indistinguishable haplotypes unless mutations have occurred.
C Extend possible reference samples beyond a single generation (benefits missing person cases and genetic genealogy)
D All the above statements.

A

D All the above statements.

67
Q

is the permanent, irreversible, and complete loss of brain function which may include cessation of involuntary activity necessary to sustain life.
A apparent death
B brain death
C vegetative state
D delayed death

A

B - brain death

68
Q

which of the statement is right describing the trans-pass of the allele? ( )
А The probability of delivering an allele from a parent who is a heterzygote typing at a STR locus can be determined, but not any of the above mentioned probility.
B The probability of delivering an allele from a parent who is a heterzygote typing at a STR locus is 0%.
C The probability of delivering a allele from a parent who is a heterzygote typing at a STR locus is 50%
D The probability of delivering an allele from a parent who is a heterzygote typing at a STR locus is 100%.
E The probability of delivering a allele from a parent who is a heterzygote typing at a STR locus can not be determined

A

C The probability of delivering a allele from a parent who is a heterzygote typing at a STR locus is 50%

69
Q

The more valuable sign of death from cold is( )
A Paltauf spot
B Marfan’s syndrome
C Wischnevsky gastric spot
D Tardieu spot

A

C Wischnevsky gastric spot

70
Q

() is the physiological derangement due to the cause that results in the death, e.g., hemorrhage
A manner of death
B mechanism of death
C brain death
D cause of death

A

A mechanism of death

71
Q

Next Generation Sequencing, also known as (), is used to solve forensic cases in massive aspects.
A forensic database
B polymerase Chain Reaction
C Sanger sequencing
D capillary electrophoresis
E massively parallel sequencing

A

E massively parallel sequencing

72
Q

There are inhibitory effects on the central nervous system is ( )

А Amphetamine
B methylamphetamine
C cocaine
D morphine

A

D morphine

73
Q

At what temperature does the Anneal step of PCR occur? ()
А 95 °C
B 72 °C
C 50 °C.
D Any temperature

A

C 50°C

74
Q

What type of bonds hold the two strands of DNA together? ( )

A Covalent bonds
B Ionic bonds.
C Hydrogen bonds
D Dipole-dipole bonds

A

C Hydrogen bonds

75
Q

Blunt trauma can generally be classified into four categories. Which of the following is not belong to these
A abrasion
B laceration
C contusion
D stab

A

D stab

76
Q

Which statement of the Paternity Index (PI) of 100 is right?()
A The results of the DNA testing 100 times more likely if the tested man is the biological father of the child than if the biological father is another man, unrelated to the tested man.
B None of the statement is right.
PI is the LR of HpHd, where Hp states the alleged man is the father of child and Hd states a random person is the father of the child
C Pl is the LR of HdHp, where Hp states the alleged man is the father of child and Hid states a random person is the father of the child
D The results of the DNA testing 1/100 times more likely if the tested man is the biological father of the child than if the biological father is another man, unrelated to the tested man.

A

B - none of the above

77
Q

Which is not the Characteristics of Sudden Unexpected Natural Death? )
А Non-Violence of Death
B Expected of Death
C Rapidity of Death
D Potentiality of Lethal Diseases

A

B expected of death

78
Q

Which of the following statements about the limitation of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP)
analysis is correct? ()
A Limited sensitivity
B Not suitable with degraded DNA samples due to high molecular weight needed.
C all the above statements
D Time-consuming process (days to weeks) that cannot be automated

A

C- all of the above

79
Q

are currently the most commonly analysed genetic polymorphism in forensic genetics.
A VNTR
B mtDNA
C STR
D SNP

A

D ( but c in chat gpt and google )

80
Q

The cumulative PI (CPI), i.e., the product of multiple PI of each independent loci should be () to state the alleged father is the biological father of the child.
A >10000
B >1
C >1000000
D <10000
E <100000

A

A >10000

81
Q

You decide to use PCR to determine if you have Cystic Fibrosis, a genetic disorder.
You then decide to also check if you are at risk for developing Alzheimers, another genetic disorder.
What PCR “ingredient” would be different in these two tests?

A Nucleotides
B Taq DNA polymerase
C Primers
D Template DNA

A

C - primers

82
Q

nullA variety of microbes were common in water and soil of studies on environmental microbiology by ( )
sequencing-
A microRNA
B mRNA
C mtDNA
D DNA methylation
E 16S TRNA gene

A

E 16S TRNA gene

83
Q

nullA technique for making millions of copies of a specific region of DNA. ()
А gel electrophoresis
B polymerase chain reaction
C DNA ligase
D restriction enzymes

A

B polymerase chain reaction

84
Q

Which kind of genetic marker is the main constituent of DNA Criminal Investigative Database? ( )

А STR
B InDel
C SNP
D RFLP
E Blood group typing

A

A STR

85
Q

nullA method of separating molecules, such as DNA, according to their size and electrical charge. ( )
А Massively parallel sequencing (MPS)
B Electrophoresis
C DNA Fingerprint
D. DNA Probe

A

B electrophoresis

FORENSICS EXAM (1 decks)

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