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Human Anatomy > MCQ Splancho 1 > Flashcards

MCQ Splancho 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A 32-year-old patient who weighs 275 lb comes to the doctor’s office. On the surface of the chest, the physician is able to locate the apex of the heart:

A

In the left fifth intercostal space

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2
Q

A 54-year-old patient is implanted with an artificial cardiac pacemaker. Which of the following conductive tissues of the heart had a defective function that required the pacemaker?

A

Sinoatrial (SA) node

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3
Q

A 37-year-old patient with severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and congestive heart failure was admitted to a local hospital. His coronary angiograms reveal a thrombosis in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Which of the following conditions could result from the blockage of blood flow in the circum- flex branch?

A

Mitral valve insufficiency

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4
Q

A 46-year-old patient comes to his doctor’s office and complains of chest pain and head- ache. His computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a tumor located just superior to the root of the right lung. Blood flow in which of the following veins is most likely blocked by this tumor?

A

Arch of the azygos vein

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5
Q

A 57-year-old patient has a heart murmur resulting from the inability to maintain constant tension on the cusps of the AV valve. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged?

A

Chordae tendineae

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6
Q

A 45-year-old woman presents with a tumor confined to the posterior mediastinum. This could result in compression of which of the following structures?

A

Descending aorta

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7
Q

Into which structure does the azygos vein drain venous blood?

A

The azygos vein drains venous blood into the Superior vena cava.

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8
Q

Which structure branches into the bronchial arteries?

A

The right and left bronchial arteries arise from the descending (thoracic) aorta.

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9
Q

The left coronary artery arises from which structure?

A

The right and left coronary arteries arise from the ascending aorta

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10
Q

A 63-year-old man comes to the emergency department with back pain, weakness, and short- ness of breath. On examination, he has an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. Which of the following pairs of structures would most likely be compressed?

A

Azygos vein and thoracic duct

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11
Q

A 27-year-old woman has suffered a gun- shot wound to her midabdomen. After examining the patient’s angiogram, a trauma surgeon locates the source of bleeding from pairs of veins that typically terminate in the same vein. Which of the following veins are damaged?

A

Left and right hepatic veins

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12
Q

A 67-year-old woman with a long history of liver cirrhosis was seen in the emergency department. In this patient with portal hyper- tension, which of the following veins is most likely to be dilated?

A

Right colic vein

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13
Q

A 16-year-old boy with a ruptured spleen comes to the emergency department for sple- nectomy. Soon after ligation of the splenic artery just distal to its origin, a surgical resident observes that the patient is healing normally. Normal blood flow would occur in which of the following arteries?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

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14
Q

A 26-year-old patient is admitted to a local hospital with a retroperitoneal infection. Which of the following arteries is most likely to be infected?

A

Dorsal pancreatic artery

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15
Q

A pediatric surgeon has resected a structure that is a fibrous remnant of an embryonic or fetal artery in a 5-year-old child. Which of the following structures is most likely to be divided?

A

Medial umbilical fold

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16
Q

A 57-year-old patient has a tumor in the body of the pancreas that obstructs the inferior mesenteric vein just before joining the splenic vein. Which of the following veins is most likely to be enlarged?

A

Left colic vein

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17
Q

A 19-year-old man with a ruptured appendix is sent to the emergency department for surgery. To cut off the blood supply to the appendix (if collateral circulation is dis- counted), a surgeon should ligate which of the following arteries?

A

Ileocolic artery

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18
Q

Examination of a 54-year-old man reveals an isolated tumor located at the porta hepatis. This tumor most likely compresses which of the following structures?

A

Branches of the portal vein

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19
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery supply?

A

breast

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20
Q

At what level does the sternum overlie the heart?

A

level T5-T8

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21
Q

What structure does not enter the left lung hilum?

A

Left upper lobe bronchus

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22
Q

The trachea is lined with what types of cells?

A

Mucous cells

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23
Q

What crosses the esophagus anteriorly?

A

Left main bronchus

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24
Q

An 8-year-old boy with ASD presents to
a pediatrician. This congenital heart defect shunts blood from the left atrium to the right atrium and causes hypertrophy of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary trunk. Which of the following veins opens into the hypertrophied atrium?

A

Anterior cardiac vein

25
Q

A 46-year-old patient comes to his doctor’s office and complains of chest pain and head- ache. His computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a tumor located just superior to the root of the right lung. Blood flow in which of the following veins is most likely blocked by this tumor?

A

Arch of the azygos vein

26
Q

A 42-year-old man with portal hypertension secondary to cirrhosis of the liver and subsequent massive ascites presents to the emergency department. He refuses to have a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure and prefers surgery. Which of the following surgical connections is involved in the most practical method of shunting portal blood around the liver?

A

Splenic vein to the left renal vein

27
Q

A 78-year-old man is suffering from ischemia of the suprarenal glands. This condition results from rapid occlusion of direct branches of which of the following arteries?

A

Aorta, inferior phrenic, and renal arteries

28
Q

A 26-year-old patient is admitted to a local hospital with a retroperitoneal infection. Which of the following arteries is most likely to be infected?

A

Dorsal pancreatic artery

29
Q

A 43-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital because of deep abdominal pain in her epigastric region. On examination, it is observed that a retroperitoneal infection erodes an artery that runs along the superior border of the pancreas. Which of the following arteries is likely injured?

A

Splenic artery

30
Q

A 54-year-old man with a long history
of alcohol abuse presents to the emergency department with rapidly increasing abdominal distention most likely resulting from an altera- tion in portal systemic blood flow. Which of the following characteristics is associated with the portal vein or the portal venous system?

A

Caput medusae and hemorrhoids caused

by portal hypertension

31
Q

A 54-year-old man comes to a hospital with abdominal pain, jaundice, loss of appetite,
and weight loss. On examination of his radio- grams and CT scans, a physician finds a slowly growing tumor in the uncinate process of the pancreas. Which of the following structures is
most likely compressed by this tumor?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

32
Q

If the common hepatic artery is unavoidably ligated during surgery, the arterial supply to the liver us maintained by the following anastomotic connections except which?

A

The gastroduodenal artery anastomosing with the left splenic artery

33
Q

If the portal vein becomes blocked, the following venous anastomoses are important in uniting the portal with the systemic venous except which?

A

The middle and inferior rectal veins

34
Q

A 54 year old man with extensive severe atherosclerosis sustains a thrombotic occlusion of the celiac trunk. The organs that receive their blood supply from this artery continue to function normally. Anastomoses between which of the following pairs of arteries would explain this phenomenon?

A

Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery and inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

35
Q

A 19 year old boy with a ruptured spleen comes to the emergency room for splenectomy. Soon after ligation of the splenic artery just distal to its origin, a surgical resident observes that the patient is healing normally.Normal blood flow would occur in which pf the following arteries?

A

Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

36
Q

A 27-year-old cardiac patient with an irregular heartbeat visits her doctor’s office for examination. Where should the physician place the stethoscope to listen to the sound of the mitral valve?

A

In the left fifth intercostal space at the mid- clavicular line

37
Q

A 58-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting resulting in dehydration. Emergency CT scan reveals a tumor located between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery. Which of the following structures is likely compressed by this tumor?

A

Neck of the pancreas

38
Q

A 33-year old patient has a tumor which is located in the mediastinum, near the sternal angle. Which of the following anatomical structure would be found at this level?

A

Bifurcation of the trachea

39
Q

Consider the surface markings of the pleura, which of the following is correct?

A

The left pleura arches laterally at the level of the 4th costal cartilage.

40
Q

Which statement about the ribs is accurate?

A

The 8th, 9th and 10th ribs are false ribs.

41
Q

Which of the following statements correctly describes the arterial supply of the body wall?

A

The internal thoracic artery supplies the anterior body wall as far down as the umbilicus.

42
Q

Which statement regarding the internal thoracic artery is correct?

A

It contributes to the blood supply of the breast.

43
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the lungs?

A

The left lung has a lingular segment.

44
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the divisions of the mediastinum is true?

A

The inferior mediastinum is conventionally divided into three parts.

45
Q

Which of these statements regarding the superior mediastinum is correct?

A

The right brachiocephalic vein is shorter than the left.

46
Q

Which statement regarding the superior vena cava is correct?

A

The azygos vein drains into its posterior aspect.

47
Q

Occlusion of the inferior mesenteric artery is seldom symptomatic because its territory may be supplied by branches of the?

A

Middle colic

48
Q

The artery of the midgut is the?

A

Superior mesenteric

49
Q

Which feature is found only in the left lung

A

Cardiac notch

50
Q

During a surgical procedure in the vicinity of the descending aorta, a surgeon accidentally cuts the first aortic intercostal arteries. Which of the following structures might be deprived of its main source of blood supply?

A

right bronchus

51
Q

A 20-year-old man was stabbed in the back with a knife that just nicked his right lung halfway between its apex and diaphragmatic surface. Which part of the lung was most likely injured?

A

Inferior lobe

52
Q

A tumor of the posterior mediastinum is most likely to compress which of the following structures?

A

Esophagus

53
Q

Most of the drainage of the thoracic body wall reaches the superior vena cava via the azygos vein. A notable exception is the left superior intercostal vein, which normally drains into the:

A

Left brachiocephalic vein

54
Q

During exploratory abdominal surgery on a 55-year-old male complaining of right lower quadrant pain, the surgeon initially sees no appendix but knows that he can quickly locate it by

A

looking at the confluence of the teniae coli

55
Q

A 60-year-old woman arrived at the emergency room complaining of acute abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with ischemic bowel resulting from an obstruction of one or more branches of the inferior mesenteric artery. Which of the following is most likely NOT to be seriously affected by the ischemia?

A

Cecum

56
Q

The anastomotic artery running along the border of the large intestine is called the:

A

Marginal

57
Q

How many jejunal arteries are directly originating from the superior mesenteric artery?

A

6

58
Q

The suprarenal glands are located between now the kidney and which of the following structures?

A

Diaphragm

59
Q

Which of the following is not contained in the bronchi?

A

Goblet cells

Human Anatomy (6 decks)

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