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mcq's > MCQ's > Flashcards

MCQ's Flashcards

1
Q

Mutation in humans which means they don’t feel pain

A

SCN9A. Nav 1.7 voltage gated sodium channel mutations in the alpha subunit

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2
Q

newer cox 2 drugs

A

Less bleeding as GI tract and platelets have mainly COX 1, Less nephrotic, increase risk of MI and stroke

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3
Q

Codeine is less effective in some people

A

Minimal enzyme in some people

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4
Q

Step 2: weak opioids/ non opioids, NSAID

A

codeine, opioids, tramadol, nefopram

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5
Q

Step 3: severe pain

A

Strong opioids; morphine, fentanyl patch (transdermal)

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6
Q

How long can you sedate someone for

A

2 hours

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7
Q

General anesthetic patients are unconscious which means

A

Unarousability and loss of protective reflexes, potential for aspiration, obstruction and nerve damage due to prolonged pressure

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8
Q

Steps of GA

A

induction, secure airway, maintenance, emergencelit

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9
Q

Hyper IgM immunodeficient is a B cell deformity , and mutation sin CD40 mean that

A

class switching cant occur - where IgM turns into IgG so this cant happen

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10
Q

IgA deficiency is the most common deficiency

A

1 in 700 caucasions. Its the failure in terminal differentiation of B cells to plasma cells. Individual develop a type 3 deficiency

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11
Q

no Btk = no B cell maturation and no IgG

A

You require multiple injections of gammaglobulin

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12
Q

pemphigus is a type 2 reaction and is against

A

against gap junctions

You have autoantibodies again desmoglien 1 and 3

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13
Q

Pemphigoid is against

A

Hemidesmosomes, prevents binding of epithelial with dermis at the basement membrane

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14
Q

SCID severe combined immunodeficiency

A

T cell deficiency but affects B cells too
Candida infections are common
defective IL‐2R gene
common in men

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15
Q

Di George

A

Defiency in your T cells. Wide spread eyes, low set eyes, upper lip shortened, abnormal aorta

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16
Q

MHC II Deficiency

A

Failure to express MHC II antigens on APC. Lack of CD4 cells

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17
Q

Hereditary Angioneurotic Edema

A

most common Complement deficiency. Recurrent swelling

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18
Q

Defects in phagocytes that can be fatal

A

CGD chronic granulatomus disease - phagocytes cant form superoxides. To dx: cant reduce nitroblue tetrazoliium ( ) NBT dye
Leukocytes adhesion deficiency

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19
Q

LAD type 1

LAD type 2

A

CD18 deficiency

CD15

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20
Q

secondary immunodeficiency

A

Drugs, nutrition, burns, viruses

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21
Q

Corticoids causes what to blood

A

Lymphocytopenia
Monocytopenia
Neutrophilia

22
Q

Chemo: cyclophosphamide

A

activated in the body, it cross-links DNA to stop cell proliferation and increase apoptosis

23
Q

Azathioprine

A

converted to 6-mercaptopurine in the body and then metabolised to thiosinic acid

24
Q

Pyrimidine

A

Inhibition of thyidylate synthesis 5fu

25
Q

HIV

A

Monitor CD4 count by Flow cytometry

26
Q

Kaposi sarcoma

A

Tumour of endothelial cells

27
Q

Affinity

A

Binding strength between epitope and antibody binding

28
Q

In monoclonal antibodies production what is used to produce hybridomas

A

Polyethene glycol (antifreeze)

29
Q

In the wells in Monoclonal antibody production, what is put

A

HAT, hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine

30
Q

A titre

A

of an AB is defined as the lowest dilution of the sample that retains a detectable activity

31
Q

Test for influenzas

A

Hemagglutination inhibition test

If anti haemogluttin ABs are produced - they will sink, if not they will agglutinate

32
Q

Strep bacteria are detected by Antistreptolysin test

A

if pt serum has Ab to O toxin it will neutralise O toxin and stop it lysing RBC

33
Q

ELISA

A

Ag, Ab, or proteins

34
Q

In HIV, pts the number of CD4 cells means, if they are low

A

Its progressed to AIDS

35
Q

EC50

A

Drug conc required to produce 50% max effect

36
Q

Potency

A

How much is required to Produce the effect

37
Q

Efficacy

A

Relationship between receptor occupancy and ability to initate response

38
Q

LA blocks what

A

Na channels

39
Q

NSAIDS block

A

COX 1 AND 2 (Cyclo-oxygenase)

40
Q

Benzodiazepines/ barbiturates

A

binds to GABA and facilitate action of Cl channels

41
Q

PPI inhibitors

A

block H+/ K+ ATPase

42
Q

Metrondizaole

A

Inhibits DNA synthesis

43
Q

Bioavailability

A

fraction of unchanged drug reaching systemic circulation

44
Q

Acidic drugs bind to

A

Albumin

45
Q

Basic drugs bind to

A

alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

46
Q

Perfusion

A

Time to reach conc equilibrium between blood and tissue is only limited by blood flow

47
Q

Phase 1

A

Conjugated, oxidised to metabolite, renally excreted in urine, catalysed by P450

48
Q

Phase II

A

attach an endogenous molecule (glucouronide/sulphate/acetyl)

49
Q

Eyrthromycin

A

inhibits activaction of Cytochrome 3A4 = high levels of quetiapine

50
Q

Step 1

A

mild - mod; non-opioids, nerve block
Moderate to severe: weak opioids, analgesics
Strong opioids

51
Q

Paracetamol

A

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis.

Overdose: N-acetyl - cysteine

52
Q

Reverse codeine/morphine

A

Naloxone

mcq's (1 decks)

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