MCQ Questions Flashcards
1
Q
What is the largest producer of pig meat in the EU?
A
Spain
2
Q
What is the expected reduction of feed intake if temperature in the farrowing house increases from 20 to 25 degrees celcius?
A
0.75kg/day
3
Q
What is a realistic target farrowing rate for sows?
A
88%
4
Q
How much milk does a sow need to produce per day for her litter to gain 3.5kg per day?
A
14kg/day
5
Q
What reproductive hormone is affected during lactation by feed intake ?
A
LH
6
Q
What is the correct time to AI sows coming in oestrous 5 days post weaning?
A
1- At the 1st sign of standing heat
2- 24 hours after first heat
7
Q
A typical sow lactation diet should contain which levels of DE and Lysine ?
A
DE: 13.7- 14.0 MJ
Lysine: 1.0-1.1%
8
Q
Which of these countries is the largest EU exporter of pigmeat in the EU?
A
Spain,
Germany,
, Denmark
9
Q
Whats the average length of oestrous in sows?
A
69 hours
10
Q
How much creep should a litter of pigs eat while suckling?
A
3kg
11
Q
How much pigmeat does the EU produce per year?
A
22 million tonnes
12
Q
What % Irelands GAO is from pigmeat?
A
5% GAO
(8.2% in 2021)
13
Q
The greatest importance when influencing the number of pigs weaned per week on a farm?
A
The number of sows served
14
Q
What time of day should the majority of feed be fed to pigs?
A
7am-2pm
15
Q
What is the practical ration of wet feed?
A
2.5:1 or 2:1
16
Q
What is the optimum space in a pig pen?
A
0.76m^2 per pig(- this is whats in anwser but… the anwser below is whats in my notes)
- Every pig needs 2 square feet or 0.187 sq.m – anything less than that will decrease performance.
17
Q
What is the optimum space per pig?
A
16-20 pigs per pen
18
Q
What is the optimum water flow rate?
A
1.1L/min
19
Q
Whats the ideal BCS of sows?
A
3-3.5
20
Q
What is the cost of every non productive day in sows?
A
€3/day
21
Q
Which type of stillbirth is responsible for higher % of stillborns ?
A
Intrapartum (occurred during farrowing)
22
Q
What is the normal body temperature of the newborn pig?
A
39 degrees celsius
22
Q
When is the “immunity gap”?
A
Week 2-3
23
Q
What year was zinc banned in pigs diets?
A
2022
24
What are the 2 functions of the small intestine ?
1- Nutrient Absorption
2- Produce digestive enzymes
25
What are the reasons why the genetic potential of weaned pigs is not achieved? (3)
1- Nutritional
2- Disease
3- Age
26
Which breed is becoming popular as a top crossing sire?
Belgian, Dutch & German Landrace
27
Why did consumption of port drop worldwide in 2019?
ASF left a short supply of pork worldwide
28
A farm has 50 farrowing crates available per week, the number of litters/sow/year is 2.4.
The max sow herd size on this farm should be?
50 crates x 52 weeks a year/ 2.4 litters per sow per year = 108.3 sows
29
What is the optimum LWG for gilts at 1st service?
13kg
30
What is the optimum age for gilts at 1st service?
- Age: 220-230 days- cant be eirlier
- Body weight: 130-140 kg- cant be lighter
- Backfat depth at P2: 16-18 mm (problem for modern genotypes)
- Mating at third oestrus
31
When will freedom farrowing be introduced in the EU?
2027
32
The number of NP days for a sow should not exceed ?
32 days/ annum
33
High plane nutrition of sows in early pregnancy causes?
Decreased plasma progesterone concentrations
34
High plane nutrition in late lactation causes?
Increased insulin levels during lactation which are positively related to LH levels during mid and late lactation
35
The immunoglobulin content of sow colostrum at birth is?
125g/L
36
Breed to improve litter size?
Large White
37
What is the approx current size of Irish breeding herd?
414 sows?
(dont know if this is 100% right cant find answer in my notes)
38
Whats the total herds in Ireland?
Total herds in Ireland is 1372
39
What is the current carcass weight of pigs slaughtered in Ireland?
88.2kg
40
Target weight of newly weaned pigs?
8kg
41
What is the creep temperature requirement of newly born pigs?
Newborn: 34 degrees
Sow temp: 16 degrees so creep areas need to be higher temperature
42
Which breed of pigs carries the halothane gene?
Pietrain breed of pigs
43
What does the concept of the "2 tonne sow" mean?
A sow that is capable of producing 2 tonnes of pigmeat/per year
44
What breed has the highest intramuscular fat?
Duroc
45
Whats the average kill out % of a 100kg pig?
76%
46
If excess protein is fed to pigs during the grower finisher stage it will:
Increase daily gain and increase backfat thickness
47
If excess DE is fed to pigs during finishers it will :
Increase daily gain and increase backfat thickness
48
What is the target weight that base price is set on?
77-87kg DWT
49
How many pigs are slaughtered in Ireland per week?
65,000
50
In what year did the EU stall ban come into effect?
2013
51
What year was AI introduced for pigs?
1995
52
Where does fertilisation occur?
Ampullary- isthmic junction in the fallopian tube
53
Total length of the production cycle?
148 days
54
Whats the practical number of litters/sow/year?
2.31
55
What has been the main driver of the increase in pig meat over the past 5 years? (2)
1-Increase in number of pigs/sow/year
2-Increase in carcass weight
56
What 3 factors can be controlled to improve the number of litters/sow/year?
1- Farrowing rate
2- Conception rate
3- Return to oestrous
57
What is the world's consumption of pig meat?
122 million tonnes (2023 figure)
58
How much of consumed N is retained?
33%
59
What is the lysine requirement for growth?
25g per kg of growth rate
60
What are the 3 requirements to know for a phase-feeding diet?
1- Lysine requirements
2- Growth rate
3- Feed intake
61
What factors influence the choice of diet options? (3)
1- Storage availability
2- Genetic potential of pig
3- Disease status
62
What % weight will a finisher pig gain?
62.5% of it overall weight
63
How long is the finishing phase of pig production
25-26 weeks
64
What is the weight of the pig at the start of the finishing phase ?
38.7 kg
65
What is the average weight of a pig at slaughter ?
110 KG
66
Target ADG of a finisher pig ?
860g-1000g
67
FCR of a finisher Pig ?
2.6:1 FCR on average optimum 2.4:1
68
Kill out % of a finisher pig
76.4%
69
What is the average daily feed intake of a finisher pig ?
1,695 grams
70
Average Feed Price per tonne for a finisher feed?
€287
71
What is the composition of Lean
Protein 20-22%,
Water 74-74%
Lipid 4%
72
What is the composition of fat?
88% Lipid,
10% water,
2% protein
73
What requires more energy one kg of lean or one kg of fat gain ?
a) 1 kg of fat requires 48 MJ ME
b) 1 kg of lean requires 11.86 MJ ME
74
What is the base % lean meat and what +/- do factories pay?
a) 54% lean meat +/- 2.5c per %
75
What % does feed account in pig production ?
a) 70-75%
76
What is the main factor determining the growth potential of a finisher Pig?
Breed and Genetic Potential
77
What’s the best feeding practice to minimise wastage
Restrict feeding by phase feeding
78
What’s the growth potential of a Castrate pig?
15% below a complete Boar
79
What is the most crucial amino acid in pig production?
Lysine
80
What is the relationship with feed curves and protein deposition ?
You must find an optimum feeding curve to maximise the protein deposition of the particular pig breed on the farm. Avoid overfeeding
81
A typical pig finisher diet 35-95 kg should contain which level of DE and Lysine ?
13.8-14.0 DE and 1% Lysine
82
What happens if the pig is fed excess protein ?
a) Energy is used to excrete the excess nitrogen so:
i) increase in daily gain and reduce back fat thickness
83
If excess Digestible Energy is fed to pigs in the grower finisher stage will it ?
Increase in daily gain and increase back fat thickness
84
What levels of Nitrogen is utilised and excreted by a pig ?
1/3 Nitrogen retained and 2/3 excreted
85
What is the typical lysine ratio for a finisher pig ?
25:1 25 g of lysine per 1 kg growth rate
86
A 70 kg pig gaining 800g/day would have a lysine requirement of ?
20g/day (0.8x25)
87
If this pig is eating 2 kg/day of feed what concentration of lysine is put in the diet?
10g/kg ( 20/2)
88
What happens the lysine requirement as a pig get older ?
It decreases
89
Explained Phase feeding approach ?
Phase feed drop diet specification every 15 kg gain this minimises wastage.
90
What is the common feeding method used in Ireland?
Split diet approach
91
Maintenance accounts for ____ % of total intake ?
40%
92
Factors determine feed formulation on pig farms ?
Genetics,
Health,
Environment,
Management,
Economics
93
In high input systems how many diet specifications for a finisher Pig ?
3 options gradually reducing the DE and Lysine % in diet
94
How many times is a pig fed and what proportion of feed is given at certain times?
Fed 4-5 times ¾ of feed is given from 7am to 2pm
95
What happens sick pigs ?
Sent to hospital pens until finishing
96
What is the optimum fed:water ratio?
3:1
97
What is an Anemometer?
Measures Draughts
98
How is ammonia measured in a piggery?
Drager Tubes
99
What is the optimum ammonia levels in the pig unit ?
25 pp/mil
99
100
What non nutritional factor can effect growth?
Stress and Handling
101
What is the tempeture of the finishing house ?
21 degrees, if temp too high air movement from slats increases level of Vices (Biting)
102
What is the EU guideline stocking rate
100kg pig-0.76m2/pig - 110 kg pig 0.86 m2/pig
103
Minimum water delivery rate for finisher pigs ?
700ml/min nipple drinkers 1 per 10 pigs
104
Golden box weight ?
77-87 Kg
105
What is the formula for cold carcass weight ?
Hot carcass x 0.98 = cold carcass weight
106
2 Parameters to measure % lean meat?
Hennessey Grading Probe & Fat-o-meter
107
Formula for the Fat-o-meter ??
Estimated lean % = 50.16 – 0.772 x (probe fat in mm) + 0.324 x (muscle depth in mm)
108
Which of the following will have the greatest effect on meat tenderness ?
Feeding Ad Lib from 30 days onwards
109
Name 3 components of pigmeat quality ?
Colour, Drip, Eating Quality (% lean)
110
What is PSE?
Pale Soft Exudate caused by halothane postive gene (Pietrain)-rapid drop in PH
111
What is DFD?
Dark Firm And Dry due to no drop in Ph after slaughter
112
Main Cause of Boar Taint ?
Skatole and Androsterone
113
What is the approx current size of the Irish breeding sow herd
139,973 sows MCQ
114
EU average carcass weight
94kg
115
Whats the EU's self sufficiency?
123%
116
Whats irelands self sufficiency ?
238%
117
A realistic target farrowing rate for sows is:
88%
118
How much milk does a sow need to produce per day for her litter to gain 3.5kg per day?
14kg
119
In ireland, the number of non productive days for a sow should not exceed ? days/annum
32
120
The immunoglobulin content of sow colostrum at birth is?
Dont know cant find in notes ?
-900g/litre
-750g/litre
-500g/litre
-125g/litre
-0g/litre
121
How much creep feed should a litter of pigs eat while suckling ?
9kg? THINK ITS 3KG NOT 9
121
How much pigmeat does the EU produce per annum. Is it approximately?
22 million tonnes
122
What breed has the highest intra-muscular fat?
-Duroc
123
What is the optimum live weight for gilts at first mating ?
130kg
124
Immunoglobulin content at birth in colostrum?
125g/litre
