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Non-Ruminant Producion > MCQ Questions > Flashcards

MCQ Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the largest producer of pig meat in the EU?

A

Spain

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2
Q

What is the expected reduction of feed intake if temperature in the farrowing house increases from 20 to 25 degrees celcius?

A

0.75kg/day

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3
Q

What is a realistic target farrowing rate for sows?

A

88%

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4
Q

How much milk does a sow need to produce per day for her litter to gain 3.5kg per day?

A

14kg/day

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5
Q

What reproductive hormone is affected during lactation by feed intake ?

A

LH

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6
Q

What is the correct time to AI sows coming in oestrous 5 days post weaning?

A

1- At the 1st sign of standing heat
2- 24 hours after first heat

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7
Q

A typical sow lactation diet should contain which levels of DE and Lysine ?

A

DE: 13.7- 14.0 MJ

Lysine: 1.0-1.1%

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8
Q

Which of these countries is the largest EU exporter of pigmeat in the EU?

A

Spain,
Germany,
, Denmark

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9
Q

Whats the average length of oestrous in sows?

A

69 hours

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10
Q

How much creep should a litter of pigs eat while suckling?

A

3kg

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11
Q

How much pigmeat does the EU produce per year?

A

22 million tonnes

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12
Q

What % Irelands GAO is from pigmeat?

A

5% GAO
(8.2% in 2021)

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13
Q

The greatest importance when influencing the number of pigs weaned per week on a farm?

A

The number of sows served

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14
Q

What time of day should the majority of feed be fed to pigs?

A

7am-2pm

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15
Q

What is the practical ration of wet feed?

A

2.5:1 or 2:1

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16
Q

What is the optimum space in a pig pen?

A

0.76m^2 per pig(- this is whats in anwser but… the anwser below is whats in my notes)

  • Every pig needs 2 square feet or 0.187 sq.m – anything less than that will decrease performance.
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17
Q

What is the optimum space per pig?

A

16-20 pigs per pen

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18
Q

What is the optimum water flow rate?

A

1.1L/min

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19
Q

Whats the ideal BCS of sows?

A

3-3.5

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20
Q

What is the cost of every non productive day in sows?

A

€3/day

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21
Q

Which type of stillbirth is responsible for higher % of stillborns ?

A

Intrapartum (occurred during farrowing)

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22
Q

What is the normal body temperature of the newborn pig?

A

39 degrees celsius

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22
Q

When is the “immunity gap”?

A

Week 2-3

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23
Q

What year was zinc banned in pigs diets?

A

2022

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24
Q

What are the 2 functions of the small intestine ?

A

1- Nutrient Absorption
2- Produce digestive enzymes

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25
Q

What are the reasons why the genetic potential of weaned pigs is not achieved? (3)

A

1- Nutritional
2- Disease
3- Age

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26
Q

Which breed is becoming popular as a top crossing sire?

A

Belgian, Dutch & German Landrace

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27
Q

Why did consumption of port drop worldwide in 2019?

A

ASF left a short supply of pork worldwide

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28
Q

A farm has 50 farrowing crates available per week, the number of litters/sow/year is 2.4.
The max sow herd size on this farm should be?

A

50 crates x 52 weeks a year/ 2.4 litters per sow per year = 108.3 sows

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29
Q

What is the optimum LWG for gilts at 1st service?

A

13kg

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30
Q

What is the optimum age for gilts at 1st service?

A
  • Age: 220-230 days- cant be eirlier
  • Body weight: 130-140 kg- cant be lighter
  • Backfat depth at P2: 16-18 mm (problem for modern genotypes)
  • Mating at third oestrus
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31
Q

When will freedom farrowing be introduced in the EU?

A

2027

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32
Q

The number of NP days for a sow should not exceed ?

A

32 days/ annum

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33
Q

High plane nutrition of sows in early pregnancy causes?

A

Decreased plasma progesterone concentrations

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34
Q

High plane nutrition in late lactation causes?

A

Increased insulin levels during lactation which are positively related to LH levels during mid and late lactation

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35
Q

The immunoglobulin content of sow colostrum at birth is?

A

125g/L

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36
Q

Breed to improve litter size?

A

Large White

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37
Q

What is the approx current size of Irish breeding herd?

A

414 sows?
(dont know if this is 100% right cant find answer in my notes)

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38
Q

Whats the total herds in Ireland?

A

Total herds in Ireland is 1372

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39
Q

What is the current carcass weight of pigs slaughtered in Ireland?

A

88.2kg

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40
Q

Target weight of newly weaned pigs?

A

8kg

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41
Q

What is the creep temperature requirement of newly born pigs?

A

Newborn: 34 degrees
Sow temp: 16 degrees so creep areas need to be higher temperature

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42
Q

Which breed of pigs carries the halothane gene?

A

Pietrain breed of pigs

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43
Q

What does the concept of the “2 tonne sow” mean?

A

A sow that is capable of producing 2 tonnes of pigmeat/per year

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44
Q

What breed has the highest intramuscular fat?

A

Duroc

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45
Q

Whats the average kill out % of a 100kg pig?

A

76%

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46
Q

If excess protein is fed to pigs during the grower finisher stage it will:

A

Increase daily gain and increase backfat thickness

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47
Q

If excess DE is fed to pigs during finishers it will :

A

Increase daily gain and increase backfat thickness

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48
Q

What is the target weight that base price is set on?

A

77-87kg DWT

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49
Q

How many pigs are slaughtered in Ireland per week?

A

65,000

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50
Q

In what year did the EU stall ban come into effect?

A

2013

51
Q

What year was AI introduced for pigs?

A

1995

52
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampullary- isthmic junction in the fallopian tube

53
Q

Total length of the production cycle?

A

148 days

54
Q

Whats the practical number of litters/sow/year?

A

2.31

55
Q

What has been the main driver of the increase in pig meat over the past 5 years? (2)

A

1-Increase in number of pigs/sow/year
2-Increase in carcass weight

56
Q

What 3 factors can be controlled to improve the number of litters/sow/year?

A

1- Farrowing rate
2- Conception rate
3- Return to oestrous

57
Q

What is the world’s consumption of pig meat?

A

122 million tonnes (2023 figure)

58
Q

How much of consumed N is retained?

A

33%

59
Q

What is the lysine requirement for growth?

A

25g per kg of growth rate

60
Q

What are the 3 requirements to know for a phase-feeding diet?

A

1- Lysine requirements
2- Growth rate
3- Feed intake

61
Q

What factors influence the choice of diet options? (3)

A

1- Storage availability
2- Genetic potential of pig
3- Disease status

62
Q

What % weight will a finisher pig gain?

A

62.5% of it overall weight

63
Q

How long is the finishing phase of pig production

A

25-26 weeks

64
Q

What is the weight of the pig at the start of the finishing phase ?

A

38.7 kg

65
Q

What is the average weight of a pig at slaughter ?

A

110 KG

66
Q

Target ADG of a finisher pig ?

A

860g-1000g

67
Q

FCR of a finisher Pig ?

A

2.6:1 FCR on average optimum 2.4:1

68
Q

Kill out % of a finisher pig

A

76.4%

69
Q

What is the average daily feed intake of a finisher pig ?

A

1,695 grams

70
Q

Average Feed Price per tonne for a finisher feed?

A

€287

71
Q

What is the composition of Lean

A

Protein 20-22%,
Water 74-74%
Lipid 4%

72
Q

What is the composition of fat?

A

88% Lipid,
10% water,
2% protein

73
Q

What requires more energy one kg of lean or one kg of fat gain ?

A

a) 1 kg of fat requires 48 MJ ME
b) 1 kg of lean requires 11.86 MJ ME

74
Q

What is the base % lean meat and what +/- do factories pay?

A

a) 54% lean meat +/- 2.5c per %

75
Q

What % does feed account in pig production ?

A

a) 70-75%

76
Q

What is the main factor determining the growth potential of a finisher Pig?

A

Breed and Genetic Potential

77
Q

What’s the best feeding practice to minimise wastage

A

Restrict feeding by phase feeding

78
Q

What’s the growth potential of a Castrate pig?

A

15% below a complete Boar

79
Q

What is the most crucial amino acid in pig production?

A

Lysine

80
Q

What is the relationship with feed curves and protein deposition ?

A

You must find an optimum feeding curve to maximise the protein deposition of the particular pig breed on the farm. Avoid overfeeding

81
Q

A typical pig finisher diet 35-95 kg should contain which level of DE and Lysine ?

A

13.8-14.0 DE and 1% Lysine

82
Q

What happens if the pig is fed excess protein ?

A

a) Energy is used to excrete the excess nitrogen so:
i) increase in daily gain and reduce back fat thickness

83
Q

If excess Digestible Energy is fed to pigs in the grower finisher stage will it ?

A

Increase in daily gain and increase back fat thickness

84
Q

What levels of Nitrogen is utilised and excreted by a pig ?

A

1/3 Nitrogen retained and 2/3 excreted

85
Q

What is the typical lysine ratio for a finisher pig ?

A

25:1 25 g of lysine per 1 kg growth rate

86
Q

A 70 kg pig gaining 800g/day would have a lysine requirement of ?

A

20g/day (0.8x25)

87
Q

If this pig is eating 2 kg/day of feed what concentration of lysine is put in the diet?

A

10g/kg ( 20/2)

88
Q

What happens the lysine requirement as a pig get older ?

A

It decreases

89
Q

Explained Phase feeding approach ?

A

Phase feed drop diet specification every 15 kg gain this minimises wastage.

90
Q

What is the common feeding method used in Ireland?

A

Split diet approach

91
Q

Maintenance accounts for ____ % of total intake ?

A

40%

92
Q

Factors determine feed formulation on pig farms ?

A

Genetics,
Health,
Environment,
Management,
Economics

93
Q

In high input systems how many diet specifications for a finisher Pig ?

A

3 options gradually reducing the DE and Lysine % in diet

94
Q

How many times is a pig fed and what proportion of feed is given at certain times?

A

Fed 4-5 times ¾ of feed is given from 7am to 2pm

95
Q

What happens sick pigs ?

A

Sent to hospital pens until finishing

96
Q

What is the optimum fed:water ratio?

A

3:1

97
Q

What is an Anemometer?

A

Measures Draughts

98
Q

How is ammonia measured in a piggery?

A

Drager Tubes

99
Q

What is the optimum ammonia levels in the pig unit ?

A

25 pp/mil

99
Q
A
100
Q

What non nutritional factor can effect growth?

A

Stress and Handling

101
Q

What is the tempeture of the finishing house ?

A

21 degrees, if temp too high air movement from slats increases level of Vices (Biting)

102
Q

What is the EU guideline stocking rate

A

100kg pig-0.76m2/pig - 110 kg pig 0.86 m2/pig

103
Q

Minimum water delivery rate for finisher pigs ?

A

700ml/min nipple drinkers 1 per 10 pigs

104
Q

Golden box weight ?

A

77-87 Kg

105
Q

What is the formula for cold carcass weight ?

A

Hot carcass x 0.98 = cold carcass weight

106
Q

2 Parameters to measure % lean meat?

A

Hennessey Grading Probe & Fat-o-meter

107
Q

Formula for the Fat-o-meter ??

A

Estimated lean % = 50.16 – 0.772 x (probe fat in mm) + 0.324 x (muscle depth in mm)

108
Q

Which of the following will have the greatest effect on meat tenderness ?

A

Feeding Ad Lib from 30 days onwards

109
Q

Name 3 components of pigmeat quality ?

A

Colour, Drip, Eating Quality (% lean)

110
Q

What is PSE?

A

Pale Soft Exudate caused by halothane postive gene (Pietrain)-rapid drop in PH

111
Q

What is DFD?

A

Dark Firm And Dry due to no drop in Ph after slaughter

112
Q

Main Cause of Boar Taint ?

A

Skatole and Androsterone

113
Q

What is the approx current size of the Irish breeding sow herd

A

139,973 sows MCQ

114
Q

EU average carcass weight

A

94kg

115
Q

Whats the EU’s self sufficiency?

A

123%

116
Q

Whats irelands self sufficiency ?

A

238%

117
Q

A realistic target farrowing rate for sows is:

A

88%

118
Q

How much milk does a sow need to produce per day for her litter to gain 3.5kg per day?

A

14kg

119
Q

In ireland, the number of non productive days for a sow should not exceed ? days/annum

A

32

120
Q

The immunoglobulin content of sow colostrum at birth is?

A

Dont know cant find in notes ?
-900g/litre
-750g/litre
-500g/litre
-125g/litre
-0g/litre

121
Q

How much creep feed should a litter of pigs eat while suckling ?

A

9kg? THINK ITS 3KG NOT 9

121
Q

How much pigmeat does the EU produce per annum. Is it approximately?

A

22 million tonnes

122
Q

What breed has the highest intra-muscular fat?

A

-Duroc

123
Q

What is the optimum live weight for gilts at first mating ?

A

130kg

124
Q

Immunoglobulin content at birth in colostrum?

A

125g/litre

Non-Ruminant Producion (2 decks)

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