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Principles of Assessment & Measurement PTY-10061/Formative assessment > MCQ Principles of A&M > Flashcards

MCQ Principles of A&M Flashcards

1
Q

Validity

A

Accuracy of a study

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2
Q

Reliability

A

Consistency and repeatability of a study

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3
Q

Quantitative data

A
  • Numbers
  • Statistics
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4
Q

Qualitative Data

A
  • Survey
  • Questionaire
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5
Q

Standardised assessments

A
  • No variation
  • Same method/procedure
  • usually the same outcome
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6
Q

Non standardised Assessment

A

-Hard to repeat
-Variety/change
-Less valid
- Different outcome

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7
Q

What are the four types of instrument validity?

A

-Face
-Content
-Criterion
-Construct

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8
Q

What are the two types of study validity?

A

-Internal
-External

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9
Q

What are the four types of reliability?

A
  • Internal
    -Test/Retest
    -Inter-rated
    -Intra-rater
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10
Q

What are the four levels of measurement? (NOIR)

A

-Nominal
-Ordinal
-Ratio
-Interval scale

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11
Q

Specificity

A

How well a test rejects people without the condition or disease.

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12
Q

Sensitivity

A

How well test detects people with the condition or people

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13
Q

Audit

A

-Quality improvement process+ tool
-Clinical governance

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14
Q

What are the two types of audit

A

-Peer review
-Surveys/Focus groups

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15
Q

Central tendency (Mean)

A

A value that attempts to describe a set of data by identifying the central position.

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16
Q

Sensitivity

A

TP / TP + FN

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17
Q

Specificity

A

TN / TN + FP

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18
Q

Accuracy

A

True/ Everything OR

TP+TN/ TP + TN + FP + FN

19
Q

How to plan an Audit

A

Potatoes see chips as an imposter

1.Plan- get permission, gather team + plan
2.Set standards ( Gold standard)
3.Collect data
4. Analyse + interpret fundings
5. Action plan + Present findings
6.Implement change + Reaudit

20
Q

Internal reliability

A

All components involved are testing the same thing

21
Q

Test/Retest reliability

A

Repeat test to ensure same answers each time.

22
Q

Inter-rater reliability

A

Multiple testers all testing the same thing to see if they get the same results

23
Q

Intra-rater reliability

A

One single tester repeating test to try and get the same results each time

24
Q

Internal validity (SV)

A

Relates to how well a study is conducted and if it answers the rears h question.

25
Q

External validity (SV)

A

How well a study can relate to the real world setting

26
Q

Instrument validity

A

Making sure the indicator chosen measures appropriately what you want it to measure

27
Q

Face Content Validity

A

Wether the content of the test appears to be suitable to its aim

28
Q

Criterion Validity

A

Evaluates how accurate a test measures the outcome it was designed to measure.

29
Q

Construct validity

A

Wether your test or measure accurately assess what its meant to

30
Q

Study validity

A

How well you can generalise a study towards its participants without bias.

31
Q

Nominal

A

-Name
-Percentages
-Countries
- Painful and not painful
-Living and dead

E.g Alive/dead
Male/Female
Tall/short

32
Q

Ordinal

A

-Names in order
-Mild pain,Medium pain, severe pain
-High income, low income

E.g 1st, 2nd, 3rd

33
Q

Ratio

A

Intervals with ‘true zero’
E.g VAS

34
Q

Interval scale

A

Numbers with equal intervals

E.g Pain Intensity scale

35
Q

Diagnostic accuracy

A

-The accuracy of a test is its ability to differentiate between the patient with a condition and healthy cases correctly.
-To estimate the accuracy of a test we should calculate the proportion of true positive and true negative in all evaluated cases.

36
Q

High sensitivity =

A

Low specificity and people may receive a false positive outcome.

37
Q

Good test ?

A

Ideally high sensitivity ( Approx > 90%)
AND
High specificity (Approx > 90%)

38
Q

What validity do the terms sensitivity and specificity relate to ?

A

Criterion

39
Q

What is one of the simplest ways to measure criterion validity?

A
  • To compare it to known standard
    (Gold standard, reference standard, benchmark and traditional test)
40
Q

If the test outcome is POSITIVE

A

SpPin- When specificity is high and the test is positive you can be confident , that its likely to be a true positive

Rule IN the condition

41
Q

I SpPin

A

High specificity = test is positive= true positive

Why? A high specificity is only possible when there is a very small number of false positives, therefore ifyou do get a positive result from thetestyou can be confident thatit’slikely to be a true positive

42
Q

If the test outcome is NEGATIVE

A

SnNout- Sensitivity is high and the test is Negative you can be confident this is a true negative
Rule OUT condition

43
Q

High sensitivity = test is negative = true negative

A

Why? A high sensitivity means (look at the equation) there has to be a very small proportion of false negatives, therefore if you get a negative response it is much more likely to be positive than negativ

Principles of Assessment & Measurement PTY-10061/Formative assessment (2 decks)

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