MCQ Flashcards
Psychoactive drugs are chemicals that alter one’s: Emotional state Behavioural functioning Mental condition All above
All above
Drugs such as morphine and heroin capable of relieving pain are known as Sedatives Hallucinogens Narcotics MDMA
Narcotics
Opiates such as morphine and heroin have the capacity to Alleviate pain Improve memory Enhance sensory awareness Do all above
Alleviate pain
Heather is taking prescription drug to control back pain. She finds when taking drug she experiences short term drowsiness and nausea. It is likely that Heather's physician has prescribed her Stimulant Sedative Hallucinogen Narcotic
Narcotic
Drug that depresses CNS activity is referred as Hallucinogen Sedative Narcotic Amphetamine
Sedative
Alicia is taking a prescription drug to help treat narcolepsy. She finds that when taking drug she feels extremely restless and irritable and she loses her appetite. It is likely doctor prescribed: Sedative Stimulant Narcotic Hallucinogen
Stimulan
Christopher taken a drug. Finds that his prescription are altered and he feels like his sensory awareness has increased. He has taken LSD or mescaline Morphine or heroin Barbiturates and Quaaludes Cocaine or amphetamines
LSD or mescaline
Amanda has been feeling extremely tired past 6 months, even though getting lots of sleep. Her chronic tiredness started to affect her job and her boss has threatened to fire her. Amanda asks doctor for something to give more energy.. Doctor prescribes:
Barbiturate
Narcotic
Hallucinogen an amphetamine
Hallucinogen an amphetamine
Which drug does tolerance level develop most rapidly? Cannabis Sedatives Alcohol Hallucinogens
Sedatives
Bryan finds where he used to need only one, now needs two or more sleeping pills to sleep. Indicative that bruan: Using sleeping pills recreationally Developed tolerance to sleeping pills Become physically addicted Become psychologically addicted
Developed tolerance to sleeping pills
Which drug tends to produce tolerance most SLOWLY? Narcotics Stimulants Sedatives Alcohol
Alcohol
Dr Alexander has made new drug that works as stimulant. Likely drug will
Increase release of dopamine and norepinephrine
Decrease release of dopamine and norepinephrine
Block reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine
Enhance reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine
Increase release of dopamine and norepinephrine
Progressive decrease in response to drug with repeated and prolonged use is called .withdrawal Habituation Dependency Tolerance
Tolerance
Effects of amphetamines appear to be associated with what neurotransmitter system? Serotonin and dopamine Serotonins and norepinephrine Norepinephrine and dopamine GABA and norepinephrine
Norepinephrine and dopamine
Rachel has been using non prescription drug on regular basis for several years. She has now developed liver disease and ulcers. She has been in 3 car accidents. Most likely that rachel is chronic user of LSD Marijuana Sedatives Alcohol
Alcohol
Renee is experiencing distortions in her sensory and perceptual processing. Additionally she is exhibit paranoia, nausea, jumbled thought processes. Renee is most likely under influence of a Hallucinogen Sedative Narcotic Stimulant
Hallucinogen
Bryan has been taking mild amphetamine for past 4 months to help cope with being full time student. Now wants to stop amphetamine but each time he tries to skip the medication he starts sweating and develops tremors. Appears that aaron has
Developed drug tolerance for amphetamines
Become amphetamine intolerant
Developed a physical dependance for amphetamines
Habituated to effects of amphetamines
Developed a physical dependance for amphetamines
Jasmine used to feel giddy and lightheaded after drinking single glass of wine. Now finds she can drink 3 before she feels giddy.
Has developed alcohol dependence
Is experiencing alcohol withdrawal
Has become alcohol intolerant
Has developed a drug tolerance for alcohol
Has developed a drug tolerance for alcohol
Dr Mont has developed new drug that blocks reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. This drug will Sedative Stimulant Hallucinogen Pain killer
Stimulant
HDL is known as “bad cholesterol’ T/F?
FALSE
Essential (primary) hypertension is characterised by chronic elevation in BP that results from disorder such as kidney disease. T/F?
FALSE
orthostatic or postural hypertension is an abnormal rise in BP that occurs when standing from supine position? T/ F?
false
____________________ with its associated risk for development of atherosclerosis is major cause of cardiovascular diseases.
hyperlipidemia
_______________ Phenomenon is a functional disorder caused by intense vasospasm of arteries and arterioles in fingers and less often in toes
Raynauds
The body uses neural mechanisms (baroreceptors and chemoreceptors ) and humoral mechanisms (renin- angiotensin- aldosterone mechanism and vasopressin) to effect the _______ short term regulation of BP which occurs over minutes or hours and is intended to correct temporary imbalance in BP
short
The physiological measure of choice for feedback to migraine patient is EEG BP EMG Skin temperature
Skin temperature
he basic process that occurs when self regulation of finger skin temperature is used to reduce high BP is Dampening of SNS Relaxation Conditioning Blood vessel constriction
Dampening of SNS
Strategy in EEG biofeedback to treat ADHD is to Enhance 16-20 Hz and suppress 4-8 Hz Enhance 4-8 Hz and supress 16-30 Hz Enhance 12-15 Hz and suppress 4-7 Hz Enhance 4-7 Hz and supress 16-20 Hz
Enhance 16-20 Hz and suppress 4-8 Hz
A brain wave occurring 8-13 Hz is referred to as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, localised in sensorimotor area Kappa Gamma Klamda Mu
Mu
Reduction of EmG levels in frontalis and splenius muscle through biofeedback has been helpful in ™ of Tension headaches Stuttering Asthma Epilepsy
Tension headaches
The body’s defensive reaction to invasion of bacteria, viral agents and other foreign subs is referred to as General adaptation syndrome Immune response Disease coping response Body’s stress reaction
Immune response
he T lymphocyte are an important part of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ immune response The humeral Cell mediated Thyroid thymus
Cell mediated
A patient presents at your clinic following a head trauma; admitting the patient is difficult as they are unable to understand what the receptionist is asking them to do, and their verbal responses don’t make sense. What condition is most likely? Broca’s Aphasia Wernicke’s Aphasia Dysarthria Global Aphasia Motor Aphasia
Wernicke’s Aphasia
If you measured the activity of the cerebellum in a research study, what motor role are you intending to investigate?
Control of voluntary motor movement Initiation of gross motor movement Initiation of fine motor movement Control of involuntary motor movement None of the above
Control of voluntary motor movement
You are currently researching the neuromuscular disorder Myasthenia Gravis using electromyography (EMG). You know it is mediated by a loss of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. What type of EMG recording are you likely to use?
Monopolar surface recording Bipolar surface recording Invasive needle recording Single fibre recording None of the above
Invasive needle recording
An emergency department patient has presented with extreme blood loss following a motor cycle accident. What is the likely resultant change in this patient’s blood pressure?
An increase A decrease An increase followed by a decrease No change None of the above
An increase
A decrease
Steven has been characterised as someone with a true Type A personality. With respect to his cardiovascular reactivity (CVR), what would you expect to see if he was required to complete a particularly challenging task?
Elevated CVR Reduced CVR Extremely elevated CVR Extremely reduced CVR No change in CVR
Elevated CVR
Extremely elevated CVR
Francis has colour blindness, specifically Deuteranopia; if you were to record his visual ERP using a pattern formed using various blues and browns, what would you expect to see?
Only tiny brain stem potentials in this situation
Only beta activity in the occipital lobe
A normal visual ERP in this situation
Larger than expected visual ERPs in this situation
Smaller than usual visual ERPs in this situation
A normal visual ERP in this situation
Imagine you are a clinical neurologist who uses visual event related potentials (ERP) in diagnosis. If a patient presented to you with possible Multiple sclerosis, which component of the ERP would you examine?
a. P1
b. N1-P1 c. N2
d. P100 e. P300
p100
Frank is a 60 year old man who presents to your clinic with antero and retrograde memory deficits, as well as aphasia. A routine blood test determines that he has reduced serum Thiamine concentration. Which of the following conditions is most likely?
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome Frontotemporal Dementia Huntington’s Disease Multi-infarct Dementia Alzheimer’s Disease
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
Sam is a university student, who is close to finishing a major work. She has come to see you because she has been experiencing episodes of dyspnoea, hyperventilation, tachycardia and heart palpitations; a blood test reveals elevated serum noradrenaline. What is Sam most likely suffering?
Generalised Anxiety Agoraphobia PTSD Panic Disorder None of the above
Panic Disorder
If a patient following a major trauma has presented with an elevated serum glucocorticoid concentration, in particular Cortisol. Which physiological system is mostly likely to have been activated?
Sympathetic Nervous System The Limbic System Renin-Angiotensin System Hypothalamic-Neurohypophysealsystem Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal Axis
Recently Steven has been putting in long hours into work and feels weary and that his work is becoming increasingly difficult. His doctor suspects Steven is fatigued and suggests performing an electroencephalogram; he finds activity in the frontocentral and posterior regions has slowed. Which phase of fatigue is Steven most likely in?
Arousal Transitional Post-transitional Transitional–Post-transitional Post-transitional - Arousal
Post-transitional
You are provided spectral activity data from an electroencephalography (EEG) research study examining cognitive performance on a reading task. What results do you expect to see, based on existing literature?
More proficient individuals will have greater activity
More proficient individuals will have lesser activity
Less proficient individuals will have greater activity
Less proficient individuals will have lesser activity
None of the above
More proficient individuals will have lesser activity
You are conducting a neurophysiological study focusing on brain activity during the stages of sleep. What is/are the frequency band/s of most interest to your research?
Theta & Mu Delta&Alpha Mu & Alpha Delta&Theta Theta & Alpha
Delta&Theta
A patient of yours is having issues associated with ventricular contraction; you order an electrocardiogram (ECG) to examine the electrical activity of their heart. What component of the ECG wave form will provide you the information you need?
P wave QRScomplex T wave P-Q Segment S-T segment
QRScomplex
You are participating in a study that is investigating your perception and attention to detail; the researcher connects you to a heart rate monitor prior to the task. Based on your understanding of heart activity and perception, what change would you expect to see if you perform well?
Cardiac Deceleration CardiacSyncope Cardiac Acceleration CardiacTamponade No change in cardiac activity
Cardiac Acceleration
Charlie is a patient of yours who has been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); if you conducted an electroencephalogram (EEG) on Charlie whilst he was attempting a task, what changes in spectral EEG activity would you expect to see compared to non ADHD controls?
Increased Theta, and decreased Beta 1 activity
Decreased Beta 1, and increased Theta activity
Increased Beta 1, and decreased Beta 2 activity
Increased Beta 2, and decreased Theta activity
No changes in activity
Increased Theta, and decreased Beta 1 activity
Imagine that you are a respiratory consultant, and have been provided protein assay results for a patient indicating that they have a reduction in alpha-1- antitrypsin, and an increase in elastase activity. What respiratory condition would you consider most likely?
a. Asthma
b. Asbestosis
c. Sarcoidosis
d. Emphysema
e. Adenocarcinoma
d. Emphysema
If you were interested in measuring and evaluating wave 3 of the auditory brain stem potential, which part of the brain would you investigate?
a. Pons
b. Thalamus
c. Auditory Cortex
d. Medial Geniculate Nucleus
e. None of the above
Pons
You are assessing skin conductance responses (SCR) in patients who had been diagnosed Prosopagnosia. What characteristics of the SCR would you expect to see if you displayed a familiar face to this patient?
a. Low Frequency and magnitude
b. High Frequency and magnitude
c. High Frequency and Low magnitude
d. Low Frequency and High magnitude
e. No response
High Frequency and magnitude
You recently completed a study where you examined the orienting response (OR) as measured by skin conductance responses (SCRs). You first exposed participants to a novel auditory stimulus; and then asked participants to imagine the noise from the previous trial prior to hearing the noise a second time. Based on your understanding, what will happen to SCRs measured during the second trial?
They will be increased They will be diminished Increase in magnitude No change in magnitude None of the above
They will be diminished
A Robertsonian translocation is a chromosomal structural abnormality that is confined to chromosomes ________.
7, 10, 13, 15, and 22 11, 14, 16, 20, and 22 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22 13, 15, 19, 21, and 22 14, 16, 17, 21, and 22
13, 14, 15, 21, and 22
Cystic fibrosis is most commonly caused by a deletion of three nucleotides on chromosome ________ that comprise the codon for the amino acid ________.
5, Alanine 7, Phenylalanine 7, Alanine 5, Asparagine 7, Asparagine
7, Phenylalanine
Marco is Greek tourist who has presented with a fractured femur, and ulcers on his lower legs. Preliminary tests demonstrate he has a reduction in liver function; and genetic testing revealed a mutation to chromosome 11. What genetic condition is most likely?
Haemophilia αThalassaemia Tay Sach’s Disease Multiminicore Disease β Thalassaemia
a thalassaemia - due to a deletion on chromosome 16
B thalassaemia - due to mutation on chromosome 11
Multiminicore disease: Due to recessive mutation in selenoprotein N (SEPN1) gene on chromosome 1p36 -
If you were intending to implement an electroencephalogram (EEG) based biofeedback treatment program for a patient of yours who had been diagnosed with epilepsy. Which of the following frequency bands would you attempt to enhance?
1 – 5 Hz
3 – 7 Hz
7–Hz
12 – 15 Hz
12 – 15 Hz
–
The sensory motor rhythm (SMR), 12-16 Hz activity is prominent over the sensory motor cortex
Increased SMR may be delay onset of seizures.
Jess is a 27 year old patient, who has presented to the emergency department with a core body temperature of 40 °C. She is delirious and consistently lapsing in and out of consciousness, and exhibits signs of rhabdomyolysis. What is she most likely suffering from?
Heat Exhaustion Exertional Heat stroke Hypothermia Classical Heat stroke None of the above
Heat Stroke
Two forms:
Classical:- env heat stress that overwhelms an impaired thermoregulatory system (usually chronic disease patients)
Exertional: high metabolic heat production usually in younger patients, physically fit and active (athletes, defence personnel)
- Exertional heat stroke is frequently associated with rhabdomyolysis, hepatic and renal injury, clotting disturbances
Diagnostic criteria:
– rectal core temp > 41.3C, hot dry skin, coma, in classical
– exertional patients may have somewhat lower core temp, but sweat profusely
Rachael is a 31 year old patient who, due to previous illness, exhibits a marked reduction in her natural oestrogen levels. Which of the following is a likely outcome with regards to her bone density? Low cortical bones mass High trabecula bone mass High cortical bone mass Low trabecula bone mass None of the above
Low trabecula bone mass
If an obstetrician was using near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) to examine a
newborn infant, what would they be looking for symptoms of?
Hypoxia Brain damage Haematoma Meningeal tears Haemorrhage
Brain damage
A colleague provides you a whole brain fMRI from a study they conducted that involved participants viewing photographs displaying emotions. The fMRI displays activity in the insula, and the occipito-temporal cortex among other regions. What emotion is most likely to have been associated with the photograph that elicited this response?
a. Fear
b. Happiness
c. Sadness
d. Anger
e. Disgust
e. Disgust
You are examining the immune function of cancer patients following a relaxation techniques training course. Based on your understanding, which of the following changes would you expect to see?
Increased NK cell activity Decrease IgG activity Increased IgQ activity Decreased IgA activity Decreased NK cell activity
Increased NK cell activity
