MCQ 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What % weight will a finisher pig gain?
A
62.7% of its overall weight
2
Q
How long is the finishing phase of pig production?
A
25-26 weeks
3
Q
What is the weight of the pig at the start of the finishing phase?
A
38.7kg
4
Q
What is the average weight of a pig at slaughter?
A
110kg
5
Q
What is the target ADG of a finisher pig?
A
940-950kg
6
Q
What is the FCR of a finisher pig?
A
100kg = 2.8:1
2.6:1 on average
2.4:1 is the target
7
Q
What is the kill out % of a finisher pig?
A
76.4%
8
Q
What is the average daily feed intake of a finisher pig?
A
1695 g
9
Q
What is the average feed price per tonne for a finisher feed?
A
€300/tonne
10
Q
What is the composition of fat?
A
88% lipid
10% water
2% protein
11
Q
What is the composition of the lean part of the pig?
A
20-22% protein
74% water
4% lipid
12
Q
What requires more energy, one kg of lean or 1kg of fat gain?
A
1kg of fat gain require 48 MJ ME
1kg of lean requires 11.86 MJ ME
13
Q
What is the base % lean meat and what +/- do factories pay?
A
54% lean meat
+/- 2.5 c per %
14
Q
What % does feed account in pig production?
A
- 70-75% of whole pig production
- Finisher stage accounts for 60% of the total feed costs
15
Q
What is the main factor determining the growth potential of a finisher pig?
A
Breed and genetic potential
16
Q
Whats the best feeding practice to minimise wastage?
A
Restrict feeding by phase feeding
17
Q
Whats the growth potential of a castrate pig?
A
15% below a complete boar
18
Q
What is the most crucial amino acid in pig production?
A
Lysine
19
Q
What is the relationship with feed curves and protein deposition?
A
- You must find an optimum feeding curve to maximise the protein deposition of the particular pig breed on the farm
- Avoid overfeeding
20
Q
A typical pig finisher diet 35-95kg should contain which level of DE and Lysine?
A
- 13.8-14.0 DE
- 1% Lysine
21
Q
What happens if the pig is fed excess protein?
A
- Energy is used to excrete the excess protein so increase in daily gain and reduce back fat thickness
22
Q
If excess digestible energy is fed to figs in he grower finisher stage, what will happen?
A
Increase in daily gain and increase back fat thickness
23
Q
What level of nitrogen is utilised and excreted by a pig?
A
1/3 Nitrogen retained and 2/3 excreted
24
Q
What is the typical lysine ratio for a finisher pig?
A
- 25:1
- 25g of lysine per 1kg growth rate
25
A 70kg pig gaining 800g/day would have a lysine requirement of?
20g/day (0.8 x 25)
26
If this pig is eating 2kg/day of feed, what concentration of lysine is put in the diet?
10g/kg (20/2)
27
Whta happens the lysine requirement as a pig gets older?
It decreases
28
Explain the phase feeding approach?
Phase feed drop diet specification every 15 kg gain this minimises wastage
29
What is the common feeding method used in Ireland?
Split diet approach
30
Maintenance accounts for how much of total intake?
40%
31
What factors determine feed formulation formulation on pig farms?
- Genetics
- Health
- Environment
- Management
- Economics
32
In high input systems, how many diet specifications are for a finisher pig?
- 3 options
- Gradually reducing the DE and Lysine % in the diet
33
How many times is a pig fed and what proportion of feed is given at certain times?
- Fed 3-4 times
- 3/4 of feed is given from 7am to 2pm
34
What happens sick pigs?
Sent to hospital pens until finishing
35
What is the optimum feed:water ratio?
2:1
36
What is an anemometer?
Measures draughts
37
How is ammonia measured in a piggery?
Drager Tubes
38
What is the optimum ammonia levels in the pig unit?
25 pp/mil
39
What non nutritional factor can effect growth?
Stress and handling
40
What is the temperature of the finishing house?
21 degreees
If temp too high, air movement from slates increases level of vices (biting)
41
What is the EU guideline stocking rate?
100kg pig- 0.76 m sq per pig
110kg pig- 0.86 m sq per pig
42
What is the optimum number of pigs per pen?
16-18
43
What is the minimum water delivery rate for finisher pigs?
700 ml/min nipple drinkers
1 per 10 pigs
44
What is the golden box rate?
77-87 kg
45
What is the formula for cold carcass weight?
Hot carcass x 0.98 = cold carcass weight
46
What are the 2 parameters to measure % lean meat?
Hennessey grading probe
Fat o meter
47
Formula for the fat-o-meter
Estimated lean % = 50.16 - 0.772 x (probe fat in mm) + 0.324 x (muscle depth in mm)
48
Which of the following will have the greatest effect on meat tenderness?
Feeding ad lib from 30 days onwards
49
Name the 3 componetns of pig meat quality?
- Colour
- Drip
- Eating Quality (% lean)
50
What is PSE?
- Pale Soft Exudate caused by halothane positive gene (Pietrain)
- Rapid drop in pH
51
What is DFD?
Dark Firm and Dry due to no drop in pH after slaughter
52
Main cause of boar taint?
Skatole and Androsterone
53
What feed increased the risk of Skatole?
Molasses sugar beet pulp
54
What has the biggest impact on meat quality at a processing level?
Length of time hanging 18-24 hours
55
Biggest food safety risk?
Salmonella contamination
56
When might processor reject pigs from a farm?
- If there is Class 3 salmonella contamination
- >50% contamination
57
Who implements traceability, quality and assurance in Ireland?
Bord Bia Quality Assurance Scheme
58
What would stress on pigs at slaughter cause?
Dark firm and dry meat
59
Cost of producing 1kg of pigmeat?
80-104 cents per kg
60
Non feed cost in pig production per kg?
39.5 c per kg
61
What is todays pig price?
€1.84 per kg?
62
Which country is the largest producer of pig meat in the EU?
Spain
63
What reduction in feed intake is expected if the farrowing house temperature increases from 20 degrees to 25 degrees
- 0.75kg/day
- 0.15kg x 5 = 0.75
64
What happens if there is a 1 degree decrease in temp?
Increase feed intake by 4%
65
What happens if there is a 1 degree increase?
Decrease 150g/day
66
A realistic target farrowing rate for sows is?
88%
67
How much milk does a sow need to produce per day for her litter to gain 3.5kg per day?
14 kg per day
68
What reproductive hormone is affected during lactation by feed intake?
LH
69
What is the correct time to artificially inseminate sows coming in oestrus 5 days after weaning
First sign of standing heat and 24 hours later
70
A typical sow lactation diet should contain which levels of DE and Lysine?
- 13.7-14 MJ DE
- 1.0-1.1% Lysine
71
Which of these countries is the largest exporter of pigmeat in the EU?
Spain
72
What is the average length of oestrus in sows is?
69 hours
73
What is the approximate current size of the Irish breeding sow herd?
- 150,000 sows
- 1.54 million pigs
- Breeding herd= 864
- Total herds= 1372
73
What is the current carcass weight of pigs slaughtered in Ireland?
- 89.3kg Carcass
- 116.8kg LW
- (-25%) 90.6 kg DW (Irish)
74
What is the EU self-sufficiency level for pig meat?
123%
75
The target live weight of a newly weaned pig (4 weeks) is?
7kg
76
The creep temperature requirement for a newly born pig is?
33-34 degrees
77
What breed of pig carried the Halothane gene?
Pietrain
78
What does the concept of 'two tonne sow' mean?
Every sow must produce two tonnes of pigmeat/annum
79
Which of these breeds has the highest intramuscular fat?
Duroc
80
What is the optimum live weight for gilts at first mating?
130-140kg
81
What is the optimum age for gilts at first mating?
220-230 days
82
Which of these breeds is used in pig breeding programmes to improve litter size?
Large white
83
How much creep should a litter of pigs eat while suckling?
3kg
84
How much pigmeat does the EU produce per annum?
22 million tonnes
85
What percentage of gross agriculture output in Ireland does pigmeat make up?
5%
86
Which of these factors has greatest importance when influencing the number of pigs weaned per week on a farm?
Number of sows served
87
A pig farm has 50 farrowing crates available per week, number of littres per sow per year is 2.4. The maximum sow herd size on this farm should be?
1083
88
Freedom farrowing will be introduced in the EU when?
2027
89
In Ireland, the number of non productive days for a sow should not exceed what?
32 days per annum
90
High plane feeding of sows in early pregnancy casues?
Decreased plasma progesterone concentrations
91
High plane feeding of sows in lactation causes?
Increased insulin levels during lactation which are positively related to during mid and late lactation
92
The immunoglobulin content of sow colostrum at birth is?
125 g/litre
93
What % of Irelands GAO is from pigmeat?
7%
94
What is the target weight that the base price is set on?
77-87 kg DWT
95
How many piggies are slaughtered per week in Ireland?
63,000
96
In what year did the EU stall ban come into place?
2013
97
What year was AI introduced for pigs
1995
98
Where does fertilisation occur?
Ampullary- isthmic junction in the fallopian tube
99
Total length of production cycle
148 days
100
What is the practicle number of littres per sow per year
2.4
101
What has been the main driver of the increase in pig meat over the past 5 years?
- Increase in the no of pigs/sow/year
- Increase in carcass weight
102
What 3 factors can be controlled to improve the number of litter/ sow
- Farrowing rate
- Conception rate
- Return to oestrus
103
What 2 stages are considered the productive periods?
Pregnancy and lactation
104
Whne do sows mostly return to oestrus post weaning?
4-6 days
105
What is the ideal back fat depth of sows post weaning for retuning to oestrus
10-15mm
106
For boar stimulation, what should the ratio of boars to sows be?
1 boar per 5 sows
107
Optimum time for AI
8-10 hours before ovulation
108
How long is the egg viable for?
6 hours
109
What is the ideal birth rate
1.2kg
110
What is. the threshold of sows in an integrated unit which would require an IPPC licence?
285
111
Which breed produces red meat?
Duroc
112
Which landrace type is bred for maternal traits?
Scandinavian
113
What is the FCE of pigs?
3:1
114
What is the world consumption of pig meat?
106 million tonnes
115
What is the lysine requirement for growth?
25g per kg of growth rate
116
What are the 3 requirements to know for phase feeding?
- Lysine requirement
- Growth rate
- Feed intake
117
What factors influence the choice of diet option?
- Storage availability
- Genetic potential of pig
- Disease status
118
What is the practical ration of a wet feed?
3/3.5:1
119
What is the optimum water flow rate?
1.1L/min
120
Ideal body condition of sows
3-4
121
What is the cost of every non productive day?
€3
122
Which type of still born is responsible for a higher % of stillborns?
Intrapartum
123
Normal body temp of a new born pig
39 degrees
124
When is the immunity gap?
week 2-3
125
What year will Zinc be banned from pigs diet?
2022
126
What are the 2 functions of the small intestine?
Nutrient absorption
Porduce digestive enzymes
127
Reasons why genetic potential of weaned pigs are not achieved?
Nutritional, disease and age
128
Which breed is becoming popular as top crossing sire?
Belgian, Dutch and German landrace
129
