MCQ

Question 1

Dopamine structure

Answer 1

Question 2

Noradrenaline structure

Answer 2

Question 3

Acetylcholine structure

Answer 3

Question 4

5HT structure

Answer 4

Question 5

1. Which of these neurotransmitter pathways are well established dopaminergic tracts?

Answer 5

A. Nigrostriatal pathway
C. Mesocortical pathway

Question 6

1. The Raphe Nucleii are in the cerebellum
   True
   False

Answer 6

False

Question 7

1. Insight into the neuropathology of psychiatric disorders can be obtained by analyses of postmortem brain. The data obtained must be treated with caution because

Answer 7

• Drug treatments can cause long term changes to the neurochemistry of the brain
• The medical history of the patient immediately prior to death can affect the lability of receptor and other proteins in the brain
• The expression levels of neurotransmitter receptors is age-dependent

Question 8

1. The medial forebrain bundle consists of

Answer 8

Dopaminergic axons
Noradrenergic axons
Serotonergic axons

Question 9

1. Which of the following regions of the brain harbour dopaminergic neurones?

Answer 9

The ventral tegmental area
The substantia nigra
The arcuate nucleus

Question 10

1. Match the brain region to the functional role it is most associated with amygdala

Answer 10

Aversive Learning

Question 11

Frontal lobe

Answer 11

Decision making

Question 12

Thalamus

Answer 12

Relay station

Question 13

Reticular activating system

Answer 13

Arousal

Question 14

1. Glutamate is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
   True
   False

Answer 14

False

Question 15

1. GABA is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain
   True
   False

Answer 15

True

Question 16

1. Which of the following is a catecholamine?

Answer 16

Adrenaline
Dopamine

Question 17

1. Which combination of drugs could you expect to see cross tolerance with in human subjects?

Answer 17

4. LSD and mescaline

Question 18

1. In the drug discrimination task, which two drugs would a rat be predicted not to be able to discriminate?

Answer 18

LSD and mescaline

Question 19

1. Which of the following provides evidence that LSD acts as a 5HT2 receptor agonist?

Answer 19

LSD decreases 5HT turnover in rat brain

Question 20

1. Which of the following provides evidence that the reinforcing properties of cocaine are mediated by its blockade of the presynaptic high affinity dopamine transporter (DAT) in the brain?

Answer 20

transgenic mice expressing cocaine insensitive DAT do not show conditioned placed preference for cocaine when conditioned with cocaine versus saline

Question 21

1. What kind of signalling molecule is corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF)?

Answer 21

Neuropeptide

Question 22

1. Which of these drugs increase dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens? Tick all that are correct.

Answer 22

Ethanol
Nicotine
Morphine

Question 23

1. Which of the following statements about the medial forebrain bundle is correct? Tick all the correct statements.

Answer 23

• The medial forebrain bundle consists of dopaminergic, noradrenergic and serotonergic projections.
• Electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle causes reinforcement behaviour in rats.

Question 24

1. Which of the following best describe the effect of activity in the mesolimbic projection from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens on cortical activity?

Answer 24

disinhibition

Question 25

1. Polymorphisms in the mu opiate receptor have been identified as a risk factor for alcohol use disorder. This may be explained by the observation that mu opiate receptors are expressed on ....... interneurons in the ventral tegmental area. Mu receptors ....... GABA release and .......... activity in the ....... mesolimbic pathway.

Answer 25

GABA inhibit increase dopamine .

Question 26

1. You are researching the mode of action of a novel psychoactive substance (NPS) for your PhD thesis. Which of the following would provide the best evidence that it shares a similar mode of action to amphetamine?

Answer 26

In radioligand binding studies NPS is shown to bind with high affinity to the presynaptic dopamine transporter DAT

Question 27

1. Which of the following complex psychiatric disorders would be classified as a pervasive developmental disorder?

Answer 27

1. Autism 2. Schizophrenia 5. Rett's Syndrome

Question 28

Which of the following is likely to indicate an underpinning mechanism that leads to expression of neuroatypical behaviours associated with autism?

Answer 28

* An increase in excitability associated with epileptic seizures * A decrease in neuronal cell death associated with epileptic seizures * A change in the axon growth mechanism that occurs during synaptic connectivity * An increase in neuronal cell size and reduced neuronal cell density

Question 29

* Neuroligin belongs to a family of .......... proteins that organize postsynaptic scaffolds. They achieve connectivity with the presynapse via an important ....... binding to members of the ........ multigene family.

Answer 29

Neuroligin belongs to a family of **adhesion** proteins that organize postsynaptic scaffolds. They achieve connectivity with the presynapse via an important **transynaptic** binding to members of the **neurexin** multigene family.

Question 30

1. Which of the following would you define as a DSM V defined inclusion criteria in the definition of depression?

Answer 30

Weight loss when not dieting. Insomnia Hypersomnia

Question 31

1. Which of the following drugs would directly affect the synaptic levels of dopamine in the brain?

Answer 31

Imipramine Cocaine Reserpine

Question 32

1. Which of the following statements concerning the plasma membrane serotonin transporter is true?

Answer 32

2. Fluoxetine competes with serotonin and the transporter substrate binding site 3. It uses Na+ and Cl- ions to facilitate the re-uptake of synaptic serotonin. 4. It contains a central pairing of transmembrane helix 1 and 6 to contribute to the substrate binding site

Question 33

1. Which of these statements best describes the interaction between monoamineoxidase inhibitors, MAOI, and tyramine?

Answer 33

MAOI potentiate the sympathomimetic action of tyramine

Question 34

1. Stress can induce a sustained level of glucocorticoids leading to biological changes that are associated with depression. Which of the following SSRI induced phenomenon might reverse some of the deleterious impacts of stress that underpin depression?

Answer 34

Chronic synaptogenesis and neurogenesis Induction of neurotrophic signalling as part of chronic changes in brain signalling

Question 35

1. Which of the following statements best describes the pharmacological basis for extrapyramidal syndromes during treatment with typical antipsychotic drugs?

Answer 35

Typical antipsychotics block D2 dopamine receptors in the nigrostriatal pathway

Question 36

1. Which of these experimental results provide evidence that the reinforcing properties of cocaine are due to blockage of the high affinity plasma membrane dopamine transporter, DAT?

Answer 36

Cocaine does not cause conditioned place preference in mice expressing a cocaine insensitive DAT.