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Biochemistry > MCQ > Flashcards

MCQ Flashcards

1
Q

Citrullinemia

A

Arginosuccinate synthetase

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2
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

Phenylalanine hydroxylase

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3
Q

Maple syrup urine disease

A

Branched chain keto decarboxylase

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4
Q

Wilson’s disease

A

Ceruloplasmin

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5
Q

A 6 year old boy developed marked oedema over a period of a few days, and his parents had noticed that his urine had become frothy. His general practitioner, Dr Magoo, has ordered urine and blood analyses. What might the results of the tests reveal?

A

proteinuria

hypoproteinaemia

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6
Q

cause of chronic renal failure

A

a. Diabetes mellitus
b. Hypertension
c. Atherosclerosis
d. Nephrotic syndrome

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7
Q

Allopurinol is used in the treatment of:

A

gout

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8
Q

A primary aminoaciduria can result from

A

an inherited defect in renal tubular amino acid transport

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9
Q

Benign growths are safe.True or False?

A

False

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10
Q

Bile salts are made by the liver from which molecule?

A

Cholesterol

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11
Q

Changes in plasma calcium levels will affect which two hormones?

A

Calcitonin and PTH

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12
Q

Chemical reactions that break down complex organic molecules into simpler ones are called

A

Catabolism

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13
Q

Chemical reactions that combine simple molecules and monomers to form complex structures are known as:

A

Anabolism

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14
Q

Creatine kinase are elevated following

A

cerebral ischaemia.

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15
Q

Factor X is a critical part of

A

a. intrinsic clotting pathway

b. extrinsic clotting pathway

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16
Q

Gluconeogenesis is the synthesis of:

A

Glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors

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17
Q

Glycolysis, formation of acetyl co-A, Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain are all involved in:

A

Glucose catabolism

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18
Q

Haemolytic disease of the newborn can be a cause of which biochemical change

A

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaeamia.

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19
Q

Haem synthesis by the liver is under the control of erythropoietin. True or False?

A

False

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20
Q

High levels of which of the following lipoproteins is associated with reduced risk of coronary artery disease?

A

High density lipoproteins

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21
Q

Hypoglycaemia can be directly attributed to

A

Excessive insulin injection

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22
Q

If a tumour has started to metastasise or is a leukaemia which treatment is the preferred option?

A

Chemotherapy and radiotherapy

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23
Q

Insulin binds to and exerts it effects via

A

tyrosine kinase-linked receptors

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24
Q

Knudson’s 2-hit theory was based on his work on which disease?

A

Retinoblastoma.

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25
Q

Insulin-dependent diabetic gives birth. Pregnancy was complicated by multiple episodes of hyperglycaemia and glycosuria. Her prenatal care was episodic. What might be a possible complication/s for her daughter?

A

hypoglycaemia

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26
Q

Metabolic acidosis may be caused by:

A

Persistent diarrhoea

27
Q

Oncogenes tend to be proliferative.True or False?

A

True

28
Q

58-year old with severe pain in his lower left lumbar region and associated history of haematuria. He was overweight BP165/105. Blood lipids show triglycerides of 5.2 mmol/l, total cholesterol of 7.2 mmol/l and a HDL cholesterol of 0.8 mmol/l. Plasma calcium was normal, urate was 0.75 mmol/l. Episode of sever pain in his metarso-phalangeal joint of his left foot while holidaying in New Zealand. Treated and resolved after a few days. What is the likely cause of his condition?

A

gout

29
Q

The electrophoretogram for blood serum proteins from a patient with chronic hepatitis does not show

A

a. Increased albumin levels
b. Reduction in gamma globulins
c. An extra band in the alpha 2 region

30
Q

The Guthrie test is used to diagnose:

A

phenylketonuria (PKU)

31
Q

What transport dietary lipids:

A

Chylomicrons

32
Q

The term ketogenic amino acids refers to amino acids which

A

degraded to yield acetyl CoA or acetoacetate.

33
Q

Ultra-violet light often causes which kind of change to DNA?

A

Physical transformation causing thymine dimers.

34
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin is transported to the liver by which molecule?

A

Albumin

35
Q

What is the process called when some detoxified drugs and metabolites are further metabolised by gut flora and then reabsorbed?

A

Enterohepatic recycling.

36
Q

What may be the consequences later in life for a person born with congenital alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency?

A

a. emphysema
b. ascites
c. liver cirrhosis

37
Q

What molecule is bilirubin conjugated to in the liver in order to enhance its excretion?

A

Glucuronic acid.

38
Q

Where does glycolysis take place?

A

Cytosol

39
Q

Describe phase 2 metabolism performed by the liver.

A

Conjugation of a hydrophilic molecule to a functional group added in phase 1

40
Q

Which endocrine gland is derived from embryological nervous tissue?

A

Posterior pituitary.

41
Q

Which enzyme is often used to monitor ethanol abstinence?

A

Gammaglutamy transferase

42
Q

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary at mid-point in the menstrual cycle?

A

LH

43
Q

Which hormone normally increases at night?

A

Growth hormone.

44
Q

Which of the following diseases would be most likely to lead to postrenal proteinuria?

A

urinary tract infection

45
Q

What findings would indicate primary hypothyroidism?

A

Increased TRH, increased TSH, decreased T4

46
Q

Which of the following hormones is controlled by positive feedback?

A

Oxytocin

47
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the kidney?

A

Renin, Erythropoeitin, Vitamin D3,

48
Q 
Which of the following is/are true about Bence Jones protein in the detection of some cases of myeloma?
Select one:
a. Excess heavy chains in the urine
b. Excess light chains in the urine
c. Excess immunoglobulins in the urine
d. Precipitate at boiling point
e. None of the above
A

Excess light chains in the urine

49
Q

`Which of the following is correct?
Select one:
a. The intrinsic pathway of blood clotting begins with the activation of enzymes that have been exposed to collagen fibres at the injury site
b. ADP is released from platelets and promotes the aggregation of platelets
c. Thromboxane A2 is released from platelets and causes vasoconstriction
d. The extrinsic pathway is shorter and faster than the intrinsic pathway for blood clotting
e. All of the above

A

All of the above

50
Q

Which of the following is correct?
Select one:
a. Aspirin reversibly inhibits the activity of the enzyme cyclooxygenase
b. Simvastatin increases the activity of the enzyme HMG CoA reductase, thereby reducing plasma cholesterol
c. Insulin is an oral hypoglycaemic drug
d. Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist and prolongs prothrombin time
e. Allopurinol is used in gout as an anti-inflammatory agent

A

Warfarin is a vitamin K antagonist and prolongs prothrombin time.

51
Q 
Which of the following is not a common sign or symptom of untreated type 1 diabetes mellitus?
Select one:
a. Polyuria
b. Ketouria
c. Hyperinsulinaemia
d. Glycosuria
e. Thirst
A

Hyperinsulinaemia

52
Q 
Which of the following is not a lipid soluble hormone?
Select one:
a. Testosterone
b. ACTH
c. Aldosterone
d. Progesterone
e. Oestradiol
A

ACTH

53
Q 
Which of the following normally neutralises the toxic metabolites of paracetamol?
Select one:
a. NAPQI
b. Glutathione
c. NAD
d. NADH
e. Bile salts
A

Glutathione

54
Q

Which of the following regarding prothrombin is incorrect?
Select one:
a. It is synthesised by the liver
b. Synthesis is dependent on sufficient levels of vitamin K
c. Deficiencies in its levels results in hemophilia C
d. It is part of the common pathway
e. Converted to thrombin

A

Deficiencies in its levels results in hemophilia C.

55
Q

Which of the following sets of results would be indicative of post hepatic liver disease?
Select one:
a. Raised total bilirubin, raised conjugated bilirubin, raised ALT, normal ALP
b. Normal total bilirubin, raised conjugated bilirubin, raised ALT, normal ALP
c. Normal total bilirubin, normal conjugated bilirubin, normal ALT, raised ALP
d. Raised total bilirubin, raised conjugated bilirubin, normal ALT, raised ALP
e. Raised total bilirubin, normal conjugated bilirubin, normal ALT, raised ALP

A

Raised total bilirubin, raised conjugated bilirubin, normal ALT, raised ALP.

56
Q

Which of the following statements is correct?
Select one:
a. Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by contaminated food
b. The risk of chronic hepatitis following infection with hepatitis C is low
c. Hepatocellular carcinoma is a well known outcome of infection with hepatitis A
d. Hepatitis B and C are caused by the same family of viruses
e. None of the above

A

None of the above.

57
Q

Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Select one:
a. Hyperventilation is a compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis
b. Metabolic acidosis is less common than metabolic alkalosis
c. Hypocapnia results in respiratory alkalosis
d. Starvation may result in the accumulation of ketone bodies and lead to metabolic acidosis
e. The kidneys may compensate for pH imbalances caused by the respiratory system by reabsorbing more bicarbonate or secretion more hydrogen ions into the urine

A

Metabolic acidosis is less common than metabolic alkalosis.

58
Q

Metabolic acidosis is less common than metabolic alkalosis.

A

Aerobic metabolism of glucose occurs in the cytosol of a cell.

59
Q

Which statement about PSA is true?
Select one:
a. A serine protease normally found in the plasma to break down coagulation proteins
b. A kallikrien enzyme normally found in the plasma to break down coagulation proteins
c. A protease enzyme normally inactive in plasma due to binding to an antiprotease
d. A tumour marker specific enough for diagnosis of prostate cancer
e. Routinely measured by bioassay techniques

A

A protease enzyme normally inactive in plasma due to binding to an antiprotease.

60
Q 
Which term best describes the development of blood supply to a tumour?
Select one:
a. Carcinogenesis
b. Neoplasia
c. Hyperplasia
d. Angiogenesis
e. Metastasis
A

Angiogenesis

61
Q

Which type of hormone is being described in this statement: synthesised by the ribosomes and stored as an inactive prohormone, it is activated by release of terminal fragments.

A

Polypeptide hormone.

62
Q 
Match the analyte with the disease that it is preferentially diagnostic for:
Gamma glutamyltransferase	
Faecal chymotrypsin	
Troponin T	
Urinary Bence-Jones protein
A

Cholecystitis
Acute pancreatitis
Myocardial infarction
Multiple myeloma.

63
Q 
Match the disease/disorderwith the defect in the biological process that is associated with it:
Crigler-Najjar syndrome	
Gout	
Type 2 diabetes	
Hereditary haemochromatosis
A

Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Hyperuricaemia
Insulin resistance
Abnormal iron metabolism

Biochemistry (3 decks)

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