MCQ Flashcards
1
Q
hazard
A
- ability of a substance or biological agent to cause harm
- out of control
2
Q
risk
A
- likelihood substance or biological agent might be harmful under specific circumstances
- can be controlled
3
Q
microbe hazard group one
A
unlikely to cause human disease
4
Q
microbe hazard group two
A
may cause disease: possible hazard to lab workers, minimal hazard to community
5
Q
microbe hazard group three
A
may cause severe disease: may be serious to lab workers and may spread to community
6
Q
microbe hazard group four
A
causes severe disease: serious hazard to lab workers and high risk to community
7
Q
tera (T)
A
10^12
8
Q
Giga (G)
A
10^9
9
Q
Mega (M)
A
10^6
10
Q
Kilo (K)
A
10^3
11
Q
hecto (h)
A
10^2
12
Q
Deka (da)
A
10
13
Q
deci (d)
A
10^-1
14
Q
centi (c)
A
10^-2
15
Q
milli (m)
A
10^-3
16
Q
micro (u)
A
10^-6
17
Q
nano (n)
A
10^-9
18
Q
pico (p)
A
10^-12
19
Q
femto (f)
A
10^-15
20
Q
mole
A
6.02 * 10 ^23
number of atoms in 12g of carbon-12
21
Q
intrinsic hazard
A
physical, chemical and biological
22
Q
extrinsic hazard
A
how something used i.e amount used, procedures
23
Q
colony forming units
A
(counts*dilution factor)/volume plated
24
Q
dilution
A
moles= concvol
cava = cb*vb
25
accuracy
how close something is to the actual value
26
precision
how close something is to other values measured
27
residuals
distance between fitted line and an observation
28
least squares regression
move the line to minimise total of the squared residuals
29
exponent >1 on graph
increasing returns
30
exponent < 1 on graph
decreasing returns
31
histogram
shows distribution of scores
32
how minimise risk
- clear instructions
- safety info
- risk assessments
- PPE
- fire alarm
- well maintained lab equipment
- first-aiders
- trained demonstrators
- emergency showers
33
systematic errors
- equipment
- procedural
- human
34
random error
- biological samples often variable
- factors beyond control e.g. environment
- use of repitition reduces
35
R-squared
proportion of variation explained by the trendline
higher R- squared normally better
36
occam's razor/ The parsimony principle
when faced with competing hypotheses select one with fewest assumptions
37
standard deviation
spread of values around their mean
38
standard error
range of uncertainty for a value
normally shown by an error bar
standard deviation/ square root of sample size
39
intensive properties
independent of amount
40
extensive properties
depends on amount of substance
41
Mann- Whitney U test
non-parametric test for difference between 2 samples
data in ranks
42
non-parametric
data not normally distributed
43
parametric
normally distributed
44
correlation coefficient
measure strength of linear trend between two sets of independent data
r between -0.1 and 0.1 no trend
r about 0.3 (-0.3) call trend
r = +1 (-1) perfectly straight line
45
p- value
likelihood of seeing a pattern at random
46
critical value p<0.05
significant
47
degrees of freedom
number of independent pieces of information used to calculate statistic
n-2
48
stats test to identify trend or relation
regression
correlation
49
regression stats test
trend with one variable manipulated and other dependent
50
stats test to compare samples
Mann- Whitney U test
two sample t test
chi-sq test
51
what label on petri dish
name
date
organism name
bench number
52
chi-squared
frequencies of observations in different categories
53
two sample t test
look for significant difference between distribution in 2 independent samples
54
when counting CFUs how many should chose
30-300
55
untis for CFU
ml^-1
56
diluting conc acid should
get hot
57
spill conc acid should
rinse thoroughly with water
58
purpose of aseptic techniques
prevent contamination
59
what allows DNA seen under UV light
ethidium bromide
60
what colour flame used to sterilise equipment
blue
61
what effects migration rate of DNA molecules during gel electrophoresis
length
shape
agrose concentration
62
how to separate smaller DNA molecules from each other
increase agarose conc
63
equality
ensuring that every individual has an equal opportunity to make the most of their lives and talents
64
Mary Anning
exclusion due to gender class and religion
