MCQ Flashcards
What is the amount of blood, on supine
- Systemic circulation?
- Capillaries?
- Heart?
- 75%
- 5%
- 8%
What is the main determinant of gastric emptying?
antral pump activity
How does indocyanine green work for liver blood flow measurement
Indocyanine green
- Constant infusion 20 mins to achieve equilibration.
- Infusion rate = clearance rate
- Clearance = hepatic blood flow x extraction ratio
- Extraction ratio = Arterial - venous / arterial conc
What percentage of RBC is destroyed within the 24 hrs after transfusion?
10-20%
What produces vWF
endothelium
What is the most clinically significant blood group after ABO and Rh?
Kell
Blood flow rate interaction with viscosity?
Viscosity decreases with increased flow rate
Inversely proportional
What factors increase ADH?
high blood osmolarity - stimulates hypothalamic osmoreceptors
Decrease ECF volume SNS stimulation RAAS Drugs Hypercapnoea
What are the actions of ANP?
Increase GFR by AA dilation Mesangial cell relaxation Decrease NA/K ATPase Inhibit Na/Cl co-transporter in DCT Increase blood flow through medullary vasa recta Inhibit renin release
What is SIADH?
abnormally high level of ADH
What is bulk flow and what does it rely on?
process used by small lipid-insoluble proteins to cross the capillary wall
Depends on hydrostatic and oncotic pressure
Where is B12 absorbed?
terminal ileum
What is xanthopsia?
yellow vision, suggests digoxin toxicity
What can be measured using spectrometry?
Only compounds with dissimilar atoms
Cannot be used to measure N2, for example.
Lymph fat and protein in relation to plasma?
High fat, lower protein
Also significant clotting factors
Asepsis:
the prevention of microbial contamination of living tissues or sterile materials.
Disinfection:
the inactivation of non-sporing organisms using either thermal or chemical means.
Sterilisation:
complete destruction of all micro-organisms, including spores.
What causes long QT syndrome?
Congenital
Acquired
- Drugs: antibiotics, sevo, methadone, droperidol, ondansetron
- Electrolytes: hypoMg, hyper Ca
What is the dose of atropine to combine with neostigmine?
2: 1
2. 5mg neo with 1.2mg atropine
Why would there be traces of carbon monoxide in the body ?
Hb breakdown from spleen generates some CO
List the CYP450 inhibitors
Sodium Valproate Isoniazid Cimetidine Ketoconazole Fluconazole Alcohol Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Sulfonamide Ciprofloxacin Omeprazole Metronidazole
CYP450 inducers
Carbamazepine Rifampacin Alcohol Phenytoin Griseofulvin Phenobarbitone Sulphonylurea
