MCQ

Question 1

What is the equation for metabolic rate?

Answer 1

Mass^0.6-0.8

Question 2

What is the optimal travel speed?

Answer 2

The speed at which the cost of transport is lowest

Question 3

What is PEP carboxylase in plant metabolism?

Answer 3

A key enzyme in C4 metabolism

Question 4

CAM vs C4 plants

Answer 4

the stomata of CAM plants only opens at night. C4 plants have reduced stomatal opening during the day

Question 5

What type of plants are cacti?

Answer 5

CAM

Question 6

What percentage of sunlight is used in photosynthesis?

Answer 6

5-6%

Question 7

Percentages of sunlight lost by plants

Answer 7

1 - 60% not absorbed
2 - 8% lost via reflection and transmission
3 - 8% lost via heat dissipation
4 - 19% lost via metabolism

Question 8

How much sunlight do the most efficient solar panels absorb?

Answer 8

11-15%

Question 9

What are the two roles of heat-shock proteins?

Answer 9

1 - Correct misfolding of proteins

2 - Control aggregation and accumulation of proteins

Question 10

Do plants over-invest in RuBisCO?

Answer 10

Yes, as you could remove 40% from a leaf and it would have no effect on photosynthesis

Question 11

In the presence of oxygen, what does Ribulose Biphosphate (RuBP) form?

Answer 11

Phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycollate (a metabolic dead end)

Question 12

What enzyme oxygenates RuBP?

Answer 12

RuBisCO

Question 13

In what type of plants does photorespiration dominate?

Answer 13

High temperature plants

Question 14

Where are C4 plants mainly found?

Answer 14

In sub-tropical and tropical regions

Question 15

What is the mechanism of the CO2 pump in C4 and CAM plants?

Answer 15

Oxaloacetate is formed by the carboxylation of Phosphoenol pyruvate via the enzyme PEPcarboxylase

Question 16

What is a limiting factor of respiration?

Answer 16

The amount of ADP present

Question 17

What percentage of amino acids can most animals synthesise theirselves?

Answer 17

50%

Question 18

What minerals are needed in large amounts for the construction and maintenance of bones?

Answer 18

Calcium and phosphorous

Question 19

How do sponges digest food?

Answer 19

They take food particles in through pores where specialised collar cells digest food

Question 20

What is the role of bacteria in rabbit digestion?

Answer 20

The bacteria ferments plant material in the caecum and large intestine

Question 21

Where does most digestion occur in rabbits?

Answer 21

The small intestine

Question 22

What is the ancient order of parasitic plants?

Answer 22

Magnoliidae

Question 23

What are the two recent orders of parasitic plants?

Answer 23

Rosidae and Asteridae

Question 24

How many times has carnivory evolved in 5 angiosperm orders?

Answer 24

6

Question 25

What are ruderals?

Answer 25

Seed sits in the soil and when the soil gets disrupted the seed begins to grow

Question 26

What is an example of how a plant avoids stress?

Answer 26

Deciduous trees lose leaves during stress and go into dormancy (occurs in both tropical and temperate deciduous)

Question 27

How does pressure change from sea level to 1000m below water?

Answer 27

1atm at sea level 2atm at 10m underwater 100atm at 1000m underwater

Question 28

What is the ocean like at 1000m below

Answer 28

Completely dark causing difficulty finding prey and mates

Question 29

What is the example of resource partitioning from barnacles

Answer 29

1 - Two species are growing on the same rock 2 - Chtamalus is restricted by competition with Balanus 3 - When Balanus is removed, Chtamalus expands into its fundamental niche

Question 30

Characteristics of Phanerophytes (Raunkiaer)

Answer 30

Growth point in unfavourable seasons is at least 50cm above ground (trees, bushes)

Question 31

Characteristics of Chamaephytes (Raunkiaer)

Answer 31

Growth point in unfavourable seasons is up to 50cm (many perennial herbaceous plants)

Question 32

Characteristics of Hemicryptophytes (Raunkiaer)

Answer 32

Growth point in unfavourable conditions is above or just below ground - many have rhizomes

Question 33

Characteristics of Cryptophytes/geophytes (Raunkiaer)

Answer 33

Growth point in unfavourable season is below ground (Crocus)

Question 34

What percentage of the Earth's surface do tropical rainforests cover?

Answer 34

6%

Question 35

In a tropical rainforest, how many species do you find in 1 hectare?

Answer 35

80-200

Question 36

What is succession?

Answer 36

Describes how plant communities change over time

Question 37

What is primary succession?

Answer 37

Newly exposed/formed rock is colonised by living things for the first time

Question 38

What is secondary sucession?

Answer 38

An area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed, then re-colonised

Question 39

Is growth after a volcano or a glacier melting primary or secondary succession?

Answer 39

Primary

Question 40

In the Venice system, what is zone 1?

Answer 40

Head - dominant river flow, salinity < 5, strong currents and coarse sediment

Question 41

In the Venice system, what is zone 2?

Answer 41

Upper reaches - main mixing area, variable salinity, negligible currents, fine sediments and mudflats

Question 42

In the Venice system, what is zone 3?

Answer 42

Middle reaches - tidal currents, salinity 18-25, extensive intertidal mudflats and sand

Question 43

In the Venice system, what is zone 4?

Answer 43

Lower reaches- fast tidal current, salinity 25-34, sandy sediment

Question 44

In the Venice system, what is zone 5?

Answer 44

Mouth - meets the sea, strong tidal currents, fully saline, sand and shell sediment

Question 45

How many phyla are found in freshwater/terrestrial environments?

Answer 45

11-14

Question 46

Benthic zone vs Pelagic zone

Answer 46

The Benthic zone is at or near the bottom. The Pelagic zone is the open area at the top of the ocean where fish swim and float

Question 47

List the four tidal ranges and their sizes

Answer 47

1 - microtidal (<2m) 2 - mesotidal (2-4m) 3 - macrotidal (4-6m) 4 - hypertidal (>6m)

Question 48

What is a salt-wedge?

Answer 48

The layer of salty ocean water flowing underneath the river water in an estuary

Question 49

What is two layer flow in an estuary?

Answer 49

Outgoing freshwater is flowing over incoming saltwater

Question 50

What is the presence of brown shrimp in an estuary determined by?

Answer 50

Dissolved oxygen and salinity

Question 51

How much life can 1 acre of seagrass support?

Answer 51

40K fish and 50 million small invertebrates