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Organisms MCQ > MCQ > Flashcards

MCQ Flashcards

1
Q

What is the equation for metabolic rate?

A

Mass^0.6-0.8

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2
Q

What is the optimal travel speed?

A

The speed at which the cost of transport is lowest

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3
Q

What is PEP carboxylase in plant metabolism?

A

A key enzyme in C4 metabolism

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4
Q

CAM vs C4 plants

A

the stomata of CAM plants only opens at night. C4 plants have reduced stomatal opening during the day

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5
Q

What type of plants are cacti?

A

CAM

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6
Q

What percentage of sunlight is used in photosynthesis?

A

5-6%

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7
Q

Percentages of sunlight lost by plants

A

1 - 60% not absorbed
2 - 8% lost via reflection and transmission
3 - 8% lost via heat dissipation
4 - 19% lost via metabolism

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8
Q

How much sunlight do the most efficient solar panels absorb?

A

11-15%

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9
Q

What are the two roles of heat-shock proteins?

A

1 - Correct misfolding of proteins

2 - Control aggregation and accumulation of proteins

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10
Q

Do plants over-invest in RuBisCO?

A

Yes, as you could remove 40% from a leaf and it would have no effect on photosynthesis

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11
Q

In the presence of oxygen, what does Ribulose Biphosphate (RuBP) form?

A

Phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycollate (a metabolic dead end)

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12
Q

What enzyme oxygenates RuBP?

A

RuBisCO

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13
Q

In what type of plants does photorespiration dominate?

A

High temperature plants

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14
Q

Where are C4 plants mainly found?

A

In sub-tropical and tropical regions

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of the CO2 pump in C4 and CAM plants?

A

Oxaloacetate is formed by the carboxylation of Phosphoenol pyruvate via the enzyme PEPcarboxylase

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16
Q

What is a limiting factor of respiration?

A

The amount of ADP present

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17
Q

What percentage of amino acids can most animals synthesise theirselves?

A

50%

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18
Q

What minerals are needed in large amounts for the construction and maintenance of bones?

A

Calcium and phosphorous

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19
Q

How do sponges digest food?

A

They take food particles in through pores where specialised collar cells digest food

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20
Q

What is the role of bacteria in rabbit digestion?

A

The bacteria ferments plant material in the caecum and large intestine

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21
Q

Where does most digestion occur in rabbits?

A

The small intestine

22
Q

What is the ancient order of parasitic plants?

A

Magnoliidae

23
Q

What are the two recent orders of parasitic plants?

A

Rosidae and Asteridae

24
Q

How many times has carnivory evolved in 5 angiosperm orders?

A

6

25
Q

What are ruderals?

A

Seed sits in the soil and when the soil gets disrupted the seed begins to grow

26
Q

What is an example of how a plant avoids stress?

A

Deciduous trees lose leaves during stress and go into dormancy (occurs in both tropical and temperate deciduous)

27
Q

How does pressure change from sea level to 1000m below water?

A

1atm at sea level
2atm at 10m underwater
100atm at 1000m underwater

28
Q

What is the ocean like at 1000m below

A

Completely dark causing difficulty finding prey and mates

29
Q

What is the example of resource partitioning from barnacles

A

1 - Two species are growing on the same rock
2 - Chtamalus is restricted by competition with Balanus
3 - When Balanus is removed, Chtamalus expands into its fundamental niche

30
Q

Characteristics of Phanerophytes (Raunkiaer)

A

Growth point in unfavourable seasons is at least 50cm above ground (trees, bushes)

31
Q

Characteristics of Chamaephytes (Raunkiaer)

A

Growth point in unfavourable seasons is up to 50cm (many perennial herbaceous plants)

32
Q

Characteristics of Hemicryptophytes (Raunkiaer)

A

Growth point in unfavourable conditions is above or just below ground - many have rhizomes

33
Q

Characteristics of Cryptophytes/geophytes (Raunkiaer)

A

Growth point in unfavourable season is below ground (Crocus)

34
Q

What percentage of the Earth’s surface do tropical rainforests cover?

A

6%

35
Q

In a tropical rainforest, how many species do you find in 1 hectare?

A

80-200

36
Q

What is succession?

A

Describes how plant communities change over time

37
Q

What is primary succession?

A

Newly exposed/formed rock is colonised by living things for the first time

38
Q

What is secondary sucession?

A

An area that was previously occupied by living things is disturbed, then re-colonised

39
Q

Is growth after a volcano or a glacier melting primary or secondary succession?

A

Primary

40
Q

In the Venice system, what is zone 1?

A

Head - dominant river flow, salinity < 5, strong currents and coarse sediment

41
Q

In the Venice system, what is zone 2?

A

Upper reaches - main mixing area, variable salinity, negligible currents, fine sediments and mudflats

42
Q

In the Venice system, what is zone 3?

A

Middle reaches - tidal currents, salinity 18-25, extensive intertidal mudflats and sand

43
Q

In the Venice system, what is zone 4?

A

Lower reaches- fast tidal current, salinity 25-34, sandy sediment

44
Q

In the Venice system, what is zone 5?

A

Mouth - meets the sea, strong tidal currents, fully saline, sand and shell sediment

45
Q

How many phyla are found in freshwater/terrestrial environments?

A

11-14

46
Q

Benthic zone vs Pelagic zone

A

The Benthic zone is at or near the bottom. The Pelagic zone is the open area at the top of the ocean where fish swim and float

47
Q

List the four tidal ranges and their sizes

A

1 - microtidal (<2m)
2 - mesotidal (2-4m)
3 - macrotidal (4-6m)
4 - hypertidal (>6m)

48
Q

What is a salt-wedge?

A

The layer of salty ocean water flowing underneath the river water in an estuary

49
Q

What is two layer flow in an estuary?

A

Outgoing freshwater is flowing over incoming saltwater

50
Q

What is the presence of brown shrimp in an estuary determined by?

A

Dissolved oxygen and salinity

51
Q

How much life can 1 acre of seagrass support?

A

40K fish and 50 million small invertebrates

Organisms MCQ (1 decks)

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