Mco Flashcards
Name the different chromosome structures
metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, and telocentric.
How do you distinguish between chromosomes- how does mapping relating a gene to a trait
What happens during interphase in dresophila?
Do genes in one organism match other genes? 13
What is cohesin and what is it’s function?
Cohesin holds sister chromatids together after DNA replication until anaphase when removal of cohesin leads to separation of sister chromatids.
What are the five stages of prophase 1
Leptotene , zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, diakinesis
Leptotene
Chromosomes start to condense, homolog pairing , ds DNA breaks are introduced (potential crossing over sites)
What occurs during zygotene stage of prophase 1 ?
Synaptonemal complex is formed (synapsis) , bivalents
What is the dif between genotype and phenotype?
Who is Eric lander?
Geneticist - founding direct —————
Who was Gregor Mendel?
Austrian monk, grew peas , author of “experiments in plant hybridisation “ in 1865 , mathematician and biotechnology pioneer
Mendel tried what other species?
Bees , aquilegia, dianthus, nicotiana and pisum — peas worked best / easiest to use.
What was mendels first law?
What is recombination? Meaning
Where does “dominance come from?
From mendels first law
What are the exceptions to mendels second law?
Why is mendels second law not a law?
Too many acceptions
What is the chromosome theory?
Unit of heredity
What is meant by “1 map unit”?
What are the pros and cons of mapping populations?
Pros:
No question of dominance
Immortal lines
Powerful data accumulation
Reproducibility
GxE experiments possible
Inter-mating inbreds, to test genetic models
Cons:
Finite resource
What are the two methods for mapping complex traits?
- Linkage mapping population ( known parents)
- Association mapping
What is a LOD score?
A statistical test for linkage
How do you calculate the probability that the D locus is linked to SSR2?
Lecture slide 5
When does he eat jumping occur?
Mitosis
Who is Lynn Margulis?
What is the size of a mitochondrial genome?
Large veriarion - humans 16kb
What is the structure of a mitochondrial genome?
Circular
Why is the maternal mitochondria inherited and not the fathers?
Head = no mitochondria
Who first described maternal inheritance following mitosis?
Carl Corren - one of the 3 that rediscovered Mendel
- dif to Mendel and saw as curiosity
What happens with chloroplast if the mother is mixed?
3 possibilities
What produces Petite colonies
Yeast can and it is due to mutations in a chromosome- predictable ratio
What are the two types of mutants?
Segregational and vegetative
Vegetative ratio?
No ratio
Does yeast inherit mitochondria from both parents
Yes
What is genomic imprinting?
Igf2m only effected if on male - non Mendelian veriation
Unusual - epigenetics
what is chromosomal mutation?
changes in the chromosome number
large scale –
importance of chromosomal mutations?
visualise where chromosome and understand cytological meiosis without a lot of equipment
medical
molecular
evolutionary
define: monoploid, diploid, triploid, tetraploid , aneuploid
parthenogenesis define:
gametes from mitosis
what are the acceptors
polyploidy
triploid , tetraploid, hexaploid, octopoid , paleotetraploid
what is meant by paleotetraploid?
a genome splits - looks and acts like a diploid now
what is meant by pericentric inversion?
what is meant by paracentric inversion?
what is the purpose of genetic structure?
what are the applications of population genetics mapping?
genotype frequencies
what is the hardy Weinberg principle?
method of investigating the movment of alleles in populations
at are the assumptions of a hardy Weinberg principle?
infinitely large population
random mating amongst individuals
no new mutations, migration or
what is directions selection ? graph
what is stabilising selection? graph
what is disruptive selection? graph
what is balancing selection? example?
sickle cell
what is genetic drift?
what is bottleneck and founder effect?
examples?
Black Plague
what is the role of separase with cohesin?
separase separates the sister chromatids
” epistasis” - who and meaning?
William Bateson
Describe different genes that have interaction between them.
