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MCN > MCN Newborn 1 > Flashcards

MCN Newborn 1 Flashcards

1
Q

average weight of a newborn

A

6.5 to 7.5 lbs (2.9 kg to 3.4 kg

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2
Q

average chest circumference of a newborn

A

31-33 cm or 2 cm less than head circumference

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2
Q

average length of a newborn

A

50 cm (20 in)

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2
Q

average head circumference of a newborn

A

33 to 35 cm (13 to 13.7 in)

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3
Q

average abdominal circumference of a newborn

A

31-33 cm

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4
Q

average temperature of a newborn

A

36.5 - 37.2

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5
Q

average pulse of a newborn at birth

A

180 bpm

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6
Q

average rr of a newborn immediately at birth

A

80 cmp

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7
Q

average pulse of a newborn after birth

A

120-140 bpm

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8
Q

average rr of a newborn after birth

A

30-50 cpm

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9
Q

average bp of a newborn immediately at birth

A

80/46 mmHg

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10
Q

average bp of a newborn after birth by the 10th day

A

100/50 mmHg

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11
Q

Newborns loose heat by four separate mechanisms:

A

convection, conduction, radiation, and evaporation

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12
Q

flow of heat from newborn’s body surface to surrounding air

A

CONVECTION

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13
Q

effectiveness depends on velocity of flow (a current of air cools faster than nonmoving air)

A

CONVECTION

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14
Q

eliminating ____ from windows or air conditioners reduces convection heat loss

A

drafts

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15
Q

transfer of body heat to a cooler solid object in contact with a baby

A

CONDUCTION

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16
Q

a baby placed on a cold counter or on cold base of a warming unit quickly loses heat to the colder metal surface

A

CONDUCTION

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17
Q

____ helps to minimize conduction heat loss

A

covering surfaces with a warmed blanket or towel

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18
Q

transfer of body heat to a cooler solid object not in contact with the baby, such as a cold window or air conditioner

A

RADIATION

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19
Q

moving an infant as far from the cold surface as possible helps reduce this type of heat loss

A

RADIATION

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20
Q

loss of heat through conversion of a liquid to a vapor

A

EVAPORATION

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21
Q

newborns are wet, so they lose a great deal of heat as ____ on their skin evaporates

A

amniotic fluid

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22
Q

to prevent this heat loss, dry newborns as soon as possible, especially their face and hair as head, a large surface area in a newborn, can be responsible for a great amount of heat loss

A

EVAPORATION

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23
Q

____ after drying further reduces possibility of evaporation

A

covering head with a cap

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24
Q

what are the two umbilical blood vessels?

A

one umbilical vein, two umbilical arteries

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24
Q

as lungs inflate for the 1st time, pressure decreases in ____

A

pulmonary artery

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25
Q

also called fetal shunt

A

ductus arteriosus

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26
Q

is a blood vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and the aorta in a fetus

A

ductus arteriosus

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27
Q

pressure increases in left side of the heart from increased blood volume causes closure of the ____

A

foramen ovale

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28
Q

newborn blood volume

A

80 to 110 mL/k BW, or about 300 mL total

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29
Q

newborn Hb

A

17 to 18 g/100 mL of blood

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30
Q

newborn Hct

A

45% and 50%

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30
Q

newborn RBC

A

6M cells/m3

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31
Q

newborn WBC

A

15,000 to 30,000 cells/mm3

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32
Q

prolonged coagulation or prothrombin time due to ____

A

decreased vit K

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33
Q

vit K is synthesized through action of ____

A

intestinal flora

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34
Q

newborn’s intestine is sterile at birth & it takes ____ hours for flora to accumulate and for vitamin K to be synthesized

A

24

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35
Q

newborn’s intestine is ____ at birth

A

sterile

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36
Q

necessary for formation of clotting factors ____ and ____

A

FII (prothrombin)
FVII (proconvertin)

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37
Q

____ is usually administered IM into lateral anterior thigh immediately after birth for blood coagulation

A

vit K

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38
Q

first breath is a major undertaking because it requires a tremendous amount of pressure (about ____ to ____ cm H2O)

A

about 40 to 70 cm H2O

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39
Q

first breath is initiated by

A

lowered partial pressure of oxygen (PO2), which falls from 80-15 mm Hg before a first breath

increased partial carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), which rises to 70 mmHg before a first breath

all newborns have some fluid in their lungs from intrauterine life that will ease surface tension on alveolar walls and allows alveoli to inflate more easily than if the lung walls were dry

a third of this fluid is forced out of the lungs bypressure of vaginal birth

additional fluid is absorbed by lung blood vessels and lymphatics after first breath

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40
Q

gastrointestinal tract is usually ____ at birth

A

sterile

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41
Q

bacteria may be cultured from the intestinal tract in most babies within ___ hours after birth and from all babies at 24 hours of life

A

5

42
Q

most of gastrointestinal bacteria enter the tract through newborn’s mouth from ____, from ____ at birth, from ____, and from ____

A

from airborne sources, from vaginal secretions at birth, from hospital bedding, and from contact at the breast

43
Q

accumulation of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract is necessary for digestion and for the synthesis of ____

A

vitamin K

44
Q

____ is usually passed within 24 hours after birth

A

meconium

45
Q

sticky, tar- like, blackish-green, odorless material formed from mucus, vernix, lanugo, hormones, and carbohydrates that accumulated during intrauterine life

A

meconium

46
Q

fourth day, breastfed babies pass three or four light yellow stools per day.

A

transitional stool

46
Q

if a newborn does not pass a meconium stool by 24 to 48 hours after birth, the possibility of ____, ____, or ____ should be suspected

A

meconium ileus, imperforate anus, or volvulus

47
Q

second or third day of life, newborn stool changes becoming green and loose

A

transitional stool

47
Q

average newborn voids within ____ hours after birth

A

24

47
Q

a newborn who ____ for the first 24 hours may void later than this, but the 24-hour point is a good general rule

A

does not take in much fluid

48
Q

newborns who do not void within 24 hours or more should be examined for the possibility of ____ or ____

A

urethral stenosis or absent kidneys or ureters

49
Q

newborns are prone to infection because they have difficulty forming ____ until about ___ months of age

A

antibodies, 2

50
Q

newborns are born with passive antibodies called

A

immunoglobulin G

51
Q

immunoglobulin G of newborns is from

A

their mother that crossed the placenta

52
Q

immunoglobulin G include antibodies against

A

poliomyelitis, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, chickenpox, rubella, and tetanus

53
Q

place your fingers into the baby’s hands and press against the palmar surfaces. the baby will flex all fingers to grasp your fingers

A

palmar grasp reflex

54
Q

stroke the perioral skin at the corers of the mouth. the mouth will open and the baby will turn the head toward the stimulated side and suck

A

rooting reflex

54
Q

touch the sole at the base of the toes. the toes curl.

A

plantar grasp reflex

55
Q

hold the baby supine, support-ing head, back, and legs. abruptly lower the entire body about 2 feet. the arms abduct and exextend, hands open, and legs may flex.

A

moro reflex

56
Q

with the baby supine, turn head to one side, holding jaw over shoulder. the arms/legs on side to which head is turned extend while the opposite arm/leg flex.

A

asymmetric tonic neck reflex

57
Q

support the baby prone with one hand, and store one side of the back 1 cm from shoulder to buttocks. the spine will curve toward the stimulated side.

A

trunk incurvation (Galant’s reflex)

58
Q

suspend the baby prone with one hand. the head will lift up, and the spine will straighten

A

Landau reflex

59
Q

suspend the baby prone and slowly lower the head toward a surface. the arms and legs will extend in a protective fashion

A

parachute reflex

60
Q

hold baby around the truck and lower until the feet touch a flat surface. the hips, knees, and ankles extend, the baby stands, partially bearing weight, sags after 20-30 secs.

A

support reflex

61
Q

hold baby uprght as in positive support reflex. have one sole touch the table-top. the hip and knee of that foot will flex and the other will step forward. alternate stepping will occur.

A

placing and stepping reflexes

62
Q

begins in utero and is acute after birth

A

HEARING

63
Q

blinking at strong light or following a bright light

A

VISION

64
Q

well developed sense. Reacts to soothing touch and painful stimuli

A

TOUCH

65
Q

taste buds are developed and functioning; like sweets better

A

TASTE

66
Q

____ complexion due to increased concentration of RBC

A

Ruddy complexion

67
Q

Generalized mottling of the skin

A

Cyanosis

68
Q

Blueness of the hands and feet

A

Acrocyanosis

69
Q

Cyanosis of the trunk

A

Central cyanosis

70
Q

happens when there is too much bilirubin in your baby’s blood

A

Hyperbilirubinemia

71
Q

Yellow discoloration of skin

A

Jaundice

72
Q

caused by breakdown of RBCs after birth

A

Jaundice

73
Q

most jaundice in newborns is _____

A

physiologic

73
Q

2 types of jaundice

A

Physiologic jaundice (2nd to 3rd day)

Pathologic jaundice (1st 24 hours)

73
Q

physiologic jaundice peaks between ____ hours

A

48-72 hrs

74
Q

physiologic jaundice usually disappears within ____

A

a week

75
Q

it is prevented from entering the brain by blood brain barrier. but
blood brain barrier isn’t well developed in newborns therefore, bilirubin is ____

A

neurotoxic

76
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin is also called ____

A

lipid soluble

77
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin (lipid soluble) could cross the BBB and cause ____ aka ____

A

encephalopathy (Kernicterus)

78
Q

Causes of Pathologic Jaundice

A

Excessive hemolysis
-Rh incompatibility
- ABO incompatibility
- G6PD deficiency

Infection
Metabolic/endocrine abnormalities
Delayed defecation/intestinal obstruction
Liver/biliary disease
Spleen pathology
Polycythemia

79
Q

Care to prevent Hyperbilirubinemia

A

Early feeding
Frequent feeding
Neutral thermal environment
Prevention of hypoglycemia
Prevention of hypoxia
Phototherapy with fluorescent light

80
Q

Infant on Phototherapy adverse effects

A

Risk of injury to eyes
Risk of injury to gonads
Risk of impaired skin integrity
Risk for fluid volume deficiency
Risk for hyperthermia or hypothermia
Risk of neurological injury
Imbalance nutrition
Parental anxiety

81
Q

Result of anemia

A

Pallor

81
Q

Nursing care on infant receiving phototherapy

A

Proper covering and shielding of gonads

Assess skin temperature

Baby is places naked 45 cm away from the tube lights in a crib or incubator

Turn baby every 2 hours or after each feeding

Protect the newborn’s eyes with patches

Maintain adequate hydration and nutrition

Periodic assessment of serum bilirubin levels

81
Q

Cause of newborn of anemia

A

excessive blood loss when the cord was cut

inadequate flow of blood from cord to infant at birth

fetal-maternal transfusion
low iron stores cause by poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy

blood incompatibility in which a large number of red blood cells were hemolyzed in utero

82
Q

newborn who has been lying on his side appears red on the dependent side of the body and pale on the upper side

A

Harlequin sign

82
Q

most will fade by school age, although an association between children with ____ and development of childhood cancer exists

A

Birthmarks

83
Q

it is important to be able to differentiate various types of hemangiomas that occur, so that you neither give false reassurance to parents nor worry them unnecessarily about these lesions

A

Birthmarks

84
Q

macular purple or dark-red lesion that is present at birth

A

Nevus Flammeus (port-wine stain)

85
Q

Nevus flammeus lesion that are light and pink patches at the nape of the neck (covered by hairline)

A

Stork’s beak mark

86
Q

elevated areas formed by immature capillaries and endothelial cells

A

Strawberry hemangioma

87
Q

Dilated vascular spaces

A

Cavernous hemangioma

88
Q

Resemble a strawberry hemangioma but does not disappear with time

A

Cavernous hemangioma

89
Q

Collection of pigment cells that appear as slate-gray patches across the sacrum or buttocks and possibly on arms and legs

A

Mongolian spots

90
Q

white, cream-cheese like substance that serves as skin lubricant in utero

A

Vernix Caseosa

91
Q

fine, downy hair that covers a newborn’s shoulders, back, and upper arms, forehead and ears

A

Lanugo

92
Q

peeling of some areas of the skin similar to a sunburn due to dryness of infant’s skin

A

Desquamation

93
Q

pinpoint white papule found on cheek or across the bridge of the nose of the newborn

A

Milia

94
Q

newborn rash caused by newborn’s eosinophils reacting to the environment as immune system matures

A

Erythema toxicum

95
Q

circular or Linear contusion matching the rim of the blade of the forceps on the infant’s cheek
Disappears 1-2 days

A

Forceps Mark

96
Q

newborn skin should feel ____ if underlying tissue is well hydrated

A

resilient

97
Q

signs of severe dehydration

A

skin remain in an elevated ridge

poor turgor

MCN (3 decks)

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